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Flashcards in Exercise Deck (21)
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1
Q

What does exercise do to the heart rate?

A

Increases it.

2
Q

Muscle cells combine ______ with _______. This is called ________ and it provides the muscles with ________ to contract.

A

Glucose with Oxygen. This is called respiration and it provides the muscles with energy to contract.

3
Q

An increase in muscle activity requires more _______ and more _______ to be supplied to the muscle cells.

A

An increase in muscle activity requires more glucose in more oxygen to be supplied to the muscle cells.

4
Q

Because extra oxygen is added, extra _____-______ needs to be removed

A

Carbon Dioxide.

5
Q

When more oxygen needs to be supplied to the cells and more carbon-dioxide needs to be removed from the cells, what happens to the blood flow?

A

Blood must flow at a faster rate to keep up with the demand for oxygen and removal of carbon-dioxide.

6
Q

What happens the depth of your breathing when you exercise?

A

You need to breathe in more deeply to keep up with the oxygen demand.

7
Q

Some glucose from food is stored as ________

A

Glycogen.

8
Q

Where is Glycogen mainly stored? And where else can be it stored?

A

In the liver, but each muscle has a supply of glycogen too.

9
Q

During vigorous exercise, the muscles break down glucose at a _____ rate. What happens to some glycogen during vigorous exercise?

A

Some glycogen is converted back into glucose and is used as energy.

10
Q

What process ocurrs when there isn’t enough oxygen?

A

Anaerobic respiration takes place.

11
Q

What does anaerobic mean?

A

Without oxygen

12
Q

What does anaerobic produce, besides energy?

A

Lactic acid/

13
Q

Anaerobic respiration is the __________ breakdown of glucose.

A

Incomplete breakdown

14
Q

Why is anaerobic respiration not the best way to convert energy to glucose? 3 reasons.

A
  • Because a build-up of lactic acid in the muscles is painful.
  • It causes muscle fatigue (muscles get tired and stop working efficiently).
  • It doesn’t release as much energy as aerobic respiration.
15
Q

What’s an advantage of anaerobic respiration?

A

It means that you can keep on using your muscles a while longer, useful in emergencies when oxygen is scarce.

16
Q

What does anaerobic respiration lead to?

A

An oxygen debt.

17
Q

What is an oxygen debt?

A

You didn’t get enough oxygen when you were exercising before, therefore you have a debt to repay to your heart, lungs and blood because they couldn’t keep up with your demand earlier on.

18
Q

Why do you breathe heavily after vigorously exercising?

A

Because you’re repaying your oxygen debt by getting more oxygen into your blood.

19
Q

Once you’ve taken in a lot of oxygen after vigorously exercising, what happens to this oxygen?

A

Blood flows through your muscles and oxidises the lactic acid, thus removing it.

20
Q

What happens to lactic acid when it is oxidised?

A

It’s converted into harmless carbon-dioxide and water.

21
Q

When your brain detects large amounts of carbon-dioxide and lactic acid in the blood, what does your body do to rectify the situation?

A

The pulse quickens and the breathing rate quickens.