Examprep Abnormal CVS Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Examprep Abnormal CVS Deck (32)
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1
Q

What can atrial fibrillation be due to?

A

Multiple re-entrant excitation waves in the atria

2
Q

In the Vaughan Williams system which category/class does drug Flecainide fall into ?

A

Class 1c

3
Q

What condition is likely to cause lower plasma levels of free drug?

A

Dehydration

4
Q

What is a feature of moderate hypertension?

A

Retinal Vein Changes

5
Q

What disease is generally the cause of diastolic and not systolic heart failure?

A

Infiltrative disease

6
Q

Dyspnoea, angina and syncope are characteristic symptoms of what valvular disease?

A

Aortic Stenosis

7
Q

Blockage of which coronary artery would cause an inferior infarction?

A

Right Coronary Artery

8
Q

What type of shock is caused by systemic bacterial infection (septicaemia)?

A

Vasodilatory

9
Q

What is most likely to be the cause of right ventricular dysfunction?

A

Cardiomyopathy

10
Q

What is/what property is class IV drugs In the Vaughan Williams system?

A
  • Calcium Channel Blocker

- Reduces conduction predominantly at the AV node

11
Q

What Beta-blocker causes reduction in cardiac output, decrease in heart rate, bronchoconstriction?

A

Non-selective B-antagonists ie. propanolol

12
Q

What beta-blocker causes bronchodilation, increases rate and force of the heart rate?

A

Non-selective B-agonists ie. adrenaline

13
Q

What beta-blocker causes increase in heart rate and force of contraction?

A

Selective B1-agonists ie. dobutamine

14
Q

In cardiac rehabilitation how long should the conditioning phase be?

A

20mins

15
Q

What pharmacokinetic processes affect the half life of a drug?

A

Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

16
Q

What is Prinzmetal Angina?

A

Rare condition in which vasospasms of the coronary artery occur at rest, often in the early hours of the morning

17
Q

What type of exercise should be undertaken in the conditioning phase of cardiac rehabilitation?

A

Circuit training

18
Q

In inferior myocardial infarction which limb leads on the ECG show ST elevation?

A

II, III, aVF

19
Q

What type of drug is used to reduce plasma lipids?

A

Statins

20
Q

What beta-blocker causes a decrease in heart rate and cardiac output?

A

Selective B1-antagonist ie. atenolol

21
Q

What drug directly counteracts the fall in cardiac output during heart failure?

A

Digoxin

22
Q

Infarct of the inferior and posterior wall of left ventricle result from the occlusion of which coronary vessel?

A

Right coronary artery

23
Q

What do angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors do?

A

Reduction in peripheral resistance

24
Q

What do cardiac glycosides do ?

A

Increased contractility of myocardium

25
Q

What is a cyanotic congenital heart defect?

A

Fallots Tetralogy

26
Q

What type of shock occurs in Addison’s Disease?

A

Hypovoleamic shock

27
Q

What artery has the highest incidence of atherosclerosis?

A

Abdominal aorta

28
Q

Describe cardiac thrills?

A

Vibrations synchronous with certain phases of the cardiac cycle

29
Q

What cardiac receptor group does Dobutamine bind to?

A

B2

30
Q

What drug is a potassium-sparing diuretic which can help to prevent diuretic-induced hypokalaemia ?

A

Spironolactone

31
Q

What is a consequence of cardiac failure?

A

Enlarged Liver

32
Q

What type of drug is Diltiazem?

A

Calcium channel blocker