Exam Three

Question 1

What is political socialization

Answer 1

Process by how people acquire their political orientation- his or her knowledge, feelings, and evaluations regarding his or her political world

Question 2

Beliefs/values

Answer 2

Basic principles that shape a persons opinions about political issues and events

Question 3

What is a margin of error and how do you use it

Answer 3

How pollsters qualify their result
Margin of error
+/- 3 through +/- 5
Confidence level needs to be 95%

Question 4

What is the early impact of family

Answer 4

Influence of the family of political socialization in two factors: communication and receptivity. Children at an early age learn their parents political values. Decline of liberal ideological self-identification

Question 5

What is the early impact of school

Answer 5

Children are taught respect for the USA when learning the pledge of allegiance, support for the flag, more children are patriotic despite negative views that adults have about the country

Question 6

What is the early impact of college

Answer 6

15% likely to characterize themselves as liberal

Depends on the college you go to

Question 7

What is the early impact of media

Answer 7

In telling us what to think about it
Setting the agenda
Fox News, MSNBC- whole different set of issues
Telling us what’s important
Who is important and what issues are important
Parents are not the sole dominant influence on politics

Question 8

Importance of evangelicals in voting

Answer 8

Because since 1980 they have found a welcome and a home in the Republican Party. But not all evangelicals are republicans

Question 9

Gender gap

Answer 9

A term that refers to the regular patterns by which women are more likely to support democratic candidates. Women tend to be significantly less conservative than men and are more likely to support spending on social services and to oppose higher levels of military spending

Question 10

Voter turnout

Answer 10

Varies depending on type of election
Federal elections- 55%
Midterm elections- 38%

Question 11

What is ticket splitting

Answer 11

Voting with one party for one office and with another party for other offices. It has become the norm in American voting behavior

Question 12

Difference between closed and open primary

Answer 12

Open- do not have to be registered to that party to vote

Closed- must be registered in that primary to vote for that party

Question 13

Difference between proportional and winner take all

Answer 13

Winner take all- electoral system in which legislative seats are awarded only to the candidates who come in first in their constituencies. In American presidential elections, the system in which the winner of the popular votes in a state receives all the electoral votes of that state

Proportional representation- an electoral system used throughout most of Europe that awards legislative seats to political parties in proportion to the number of votes won in an election

Question 14

Electoral college

Answer 14

A body of individuals which elect the president and Vice President of the United States

Question 15

Political party systems- IMPORTANT!!

Answer 15

Six different party systems and the history

Question 16

First party system

Answer 16

George Washington elected twice
Govern by consensus without parties but division arose
Hamilton, treasury vs. Jefferson, state
Hamilton- north, strong national government and power; called themselves the federalists
Jefferson, south, agrarian, farmers, antifederalists; democratic republicans
1796 Jefferson vs Addams, Addams wins
Jefferson forms a political moment and he was elected in 1800
Last election prior to the 12th amendment
Hamilton died after 1800 election
1815 Federalist Party collapse

Question 16

Second party system 1828-1856

Answer 16

Jacksonian democrats vs whigs
A period in American political history between 1828 and 1854 and saw rising levels in votes and the major parties were he democratic led by Jackson and the whigs led by clay

Question 17

Third party system- period after the civil war

Answer 17

Golden age of American parties
Convergence of forces
Industrial revolution
Massive levels of immigration
Parties had the jobs, no civil service, everything controlled by the party, did not have secret ballot
Tremendous corruption between parties, immigrants and big business
Republican dominance(against slavery) putting union back together

Question 18

Fourth party system- 1896-1932

Answer 18

Second period of republican dominance coalition of big business and working class against democratic rural
Great Depression of the 1890’s
Devastated rural America, dust bowl, farmers
Grover Cleveland, tight monetary standard, gold standard, could not print money if it ran a deficit

Question 19

Fifth party system 1932-1964

Answer 19

Democratic dominance under FDR. Grand coalition of urban dwellers, labor unions, Catholics l, Jews, poor, south, blacks and farmers
Republicans dominated in 20’s, began to chip away
Republican congress has placed limits on immigration
Impacted eastern and south, non-English speaking Europeans- many were catholic
1928, Al smith, lost to Hoover; firth catholic ever nominated for major party
Stock market class 1929, Great Depression
Voters elected franklin Roosevelt 1932
Reelected, new deal coalition
Odd alliance of northern liberal, southern conservatives, Jewish votes, African Americans
Republicans on the outside looking in
1950’s war hero, Dwight Eisenhower, republican

Question 20

Sixth party system

Answer 20

New deal coalition broke apart
Vietnam war separated people
Richard Nixon wins 1968
Divided government- ticket split
People voting for republican for president and dem. For house vice versa
Delaignment, moving away from the parties, rise of independent identifiers

Question 21

Political party systems-

What precipitated each of the systems

Answer 21

Haha

Question 22

Political party systems-

Who were the key players

Answer 22

George Washington, Jefferson, Hamilton, Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln, farmers/the populists, McKinley, Roosevelt, Herbert Hoover, and Richard Nixon

Question 23

Divided government

Answer 23

One party controls the White House, and another controls one or both houses of congresss

Question 24

Party dealignment

Answer 24

The gradual disengagement of people and politicians from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification

Question 25

A responsible party model

Answer 25

A view favored by some political scientists about how parties should work. According to the model, parties should offer clear choices to the voters, who can then use these choices as cues to their own preferences of candidates. Once in office, parties would carry out their campaign promises

Question 26

Third parties, what sparks them

Answer 26

Libertarians, green but a few have ever had a long-lasting impact

Have achieved highlighting an issue that both two major parties have not addressed

Question 27

Interest groups

Answer 27

Any group that seeks to influence public policy

Question 28

Business lobby vs labor unions

Answer 28

Labor unions: an organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions

Business lobbying: LOOK UP

Question 28

What is a public interest group

Answer 28

Public:
Anyone can participate in it. Ex: environmental group
If you benefit, everyone benefits
Can be multi-issue

Private:
Membership related to job. Ex: apscuf
Benefit limited to you
Most powerful: business
Labor unions: influence has declined considerably over the last 40 years.
Service economy to manufacturing economy; free trade hurt unions the most

Question 29

What is grass roots lobbying

Answer 29

Try to get the rank and file activated

Organized affiliated

Wreak havoc

Question 30

Question on single interest groups

Answer 30

Single issue groups

Question 31

Why do individuals join interest groups

Answer 31

Material benefits
Proposive benefits
Solidary benefits

Question 32

663-664 pages to look up and study

Answer 32

Haha

Question 33

Public opinion

Answer 33

Collection of opinions that people have about issues or items of general interest