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IFSTA Strategy and Tactics 2nd Edition > EXAM Questions > Flashcards

EXAM Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Ch. 2
The national Fire Academy developed a formula for estimating fire flow based on the percent of involvement of the structure or compartment. The formula was intended for both preincident planning and for on-scene calculations at the incident. What is that formula?
A. Needed fire flow (PSI) = (LxW)/3 x % involved
B. Needed fire flow (GPM) = (LxW)/3 x % involved
C. Needed fire flow (GPM) = (Static-Residual)(100) / static
D. Needed fire flow (PSI) = (Static- Residual)(100) / Static

A

B. needed fire flow (GPM) = (LxW) / 3 x % involvement.

Percent involvement generally calculated for 25% increments involvement.

It is intended for interior fire attack in a compartment or structure that is not more than 50% involved.

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2
Q 
Ch. 4 
The movement of smoke can be described in terms of \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_.
A. density, volume 
B. volume, pressure 
C. Speed, pressure 
D. speed, direction
A

D. Speed, direction

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3
Q 
Ch. 1 Fire Dynamics 
The most common types of energy that result in the ignition of a fuel. Which of the following is not one of the three.  
A. Chemical 
B. Thermal 
C. Mechanical 
D. Electrical
A

B. Thermal energy.

Chemical, electrical and Mechanical energy all transfer heat, cause the temperature of a substance in increase, and are most frequently the ignition sources of structure fires.

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4
Q

Ch.1 fire dynamics: conduction
The best commercial insulators used in building construction are those made of:
A. Fiberous, Dense material
B. Fine particles with a tight arrangement
C. Dense material with void spaces
D. Fine fibers with void spaces

A

D. fine fibers with void spaces.

Gases do not conduct heat very well because their molecules are relatively far apart.

Good insulators are materials that do not conduct heat well because their physical make-up disrupts the point-to-point transfer of heat or thermal energy.

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5
Q 
Ch. 1 Fire Dynamics: Heat Transfer
The transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a fluid (liquid or gas) describes which form of heat transfer? 
A. Conduction 
B. Convection 
C. Radiation 
D. Thermal
A

B. Convection

Vertical movement is due to the buoyancy of smoke and fire gasses.

(Horizontal) Lateral movement is usually the result of pressure differences. (movement from high to low pressure)

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6
Q 
Ch. 1 Fuel 
The rate at which energy transfers defines what? 
A. Heat transfer
B. Power
C. Thermal conductivity 
D. oxidation
A

B. Power

another way to describe power is the rate at which energy converts from one form to another.

The standard International (SI) unit for power is the watt (W)

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7
Q 
Ch. 1 Fire dynamics: Liquids
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to ignite, but not sustain combustion, in the presence of a piloted ignition source. 
A. Auto-ignition 
B. Burn temperature
C. Combustion
D. Flash point
A

D. flash point

Fire point- sustains combustion

Liquid fuels that vaporize sufficiently to burn at temperatures under 100 degrees F. present a significant flammability hazard.

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8
Q 
Ch. 1 Fire dynamics: oxygen 
When oxygen concentration is limited, the flaming combustion will diminish, causing combustion to continue in the non-flaming mode.   At normal ambient temperatures (68 degrees F.) materials can ignite and burn at oxygen concentrations as low as: 
A. 15 % 
B. 17 % 
C. 19 % 
D. 21 %.
A

A. 15%.

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9
Q 
Ch. 1 Fire dynamics: Physical science. 
Energy is the capacity to perform work.   Energy is measured in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A. Watts 
B. degrees 
C. Joules 
D. BTU's
A

C. Joules

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10
Q 
Ch. 1 Fire dynamics: 
Rapid Fire development: 
A rapid fire development that involves more than one compartment of a structure is know as: 
A. Backdraft
B. Flashover
C. Smoke Explosion 
D. Rollover
A

C. Smoke Explosion

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11
Q

Ch. 1 Fire dynamics:
Failure of Lightweight trusses and joists
Unprotected engineered steel and wooden trusses can fail after five to ten minutes of fire exposure. These trusses can fail from heat alone without flame contact. What is the critical temperature for steel trusses?
A. 785 degrees F.
B. 1000 degrees F.
C. 1100 degrees F.
D. 937 degrees F.

A

1000 degrees F.

is the temperature at which steel begins to weaken.

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12
Q 
Ch. 2. Pre-fire planning 
United States Construction 
Building constructed of materials that will not contribute to fire development or spread are classified as what?
A. Type I 
B. Type II
C. Type III 
D. Type IV
A

B. Type II construction.

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13
Q 
Ch. 1 fire dynamics: pg. 34 
Liquid fuels that vaporize sufficiently to burn at temperatures under \_\_\_\_\_ present a significant flammability hazard. 
A. 212 degrees F
B. 150 degrees F
C. 100 degrees F
D. 75 degrees F.
A

C. 100 degrees F.

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14
Q 
Ch 1. Fire Dynamics: 
Kinetic energy is the energy that a \_\_\_\_\_ object possesses. 
A. heavy 
B. Moving
C. Stationary 
D. Dense
A

B. moving

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15
Q

Ch. 4. pg. 175
When the neutral plane is roughly centered between the ceiling and floor the fire is beginning:
A. to be ventilation controlled
B. to be fuel controlled
C. to change from growth stage to fully developed
D. to self ventilate to the exterior.

A

A. to be ventilation controlled.

Note: flashover conditions are developing.

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16
Q 
Ch. 1 fire dynamics: 
This toxin is 200 times more effective in combining with blood than oxygen: 
A. HCN 
B. CO 
C. CO2 
D. NO2
A

B. CO carbon monoxide.

created by incomplete combustion of organic material

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17
Q 
Ch. 1 pg. 37 
An atmosphere is considered oxygen rich when the oxygen level exceeds: 
A. 21% 
B. 25% 
C. 27.5 % 
D. 23.5%
A

D. 23.5 %.

Note: oxygen rich environments present an increased fire risk.

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18
Q 
Ch. 1 Fire dynamics 
This toxin is produced from incomplete combustion of organic materials: 
A. Carbon Monoxide
B. Carbon Dioxide 
C. Hydrogen Cyanide 
D. Sulfur Dioxide
A

A. Carbon Monoxide.

200 more times likely to combine with blood than O2.

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19
Q 
CH. 1. pg. 40
A fire needs a fuel source, oxygen, heat and a chemical reaction to sustain flaming combustion.   other factors that have an impact on the burning fuel are the available ventilation, access to additional fuel and heat losses or gains.   These factors are part of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A. Fire triangle 
B. Fire source
C. Fuel arrangement 
D. Compartment
A

D. compartment.

The compartment surrounding that burning fuel has a significant impact.

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20
Q

Ch. 1 pg. 42
The incipient stage is where fire begins. typically fuel controlled. The temperature will continue to rise and the fire has not yet influenced the environment within the compartment to a significant extent. The visual indicator that a fire is leaving the incipient stage is:
A. Smoke level
B. Compartment temperature
C. Flame height
D. percent involvement of the compartment.

A

C. flame height.

When flames reach 2.5 feet high, radiated heat begins to transfer more heat than convection. The fire will then enter the growth stage.

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21
Q

Ch. 1 pg. 50
Rapid fire development refers to the rapid transition from the growth stage or early decay stage to a ventilation limited, fully developed stage. To protect yourself and your crew, you must be able to: (3)

A
  • recognize the indicators of rapid fire development
  • know the conditions created by each of these situations
  • determine the best action to take before they occur.
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22
Q 
ch 1 pg. 50 
The rapid transition from the growth stage to the fully developed stage is know as: 
A. smoke explosion 
B. Flashover
C. backdraft 
D. rollover
A

B. flashover
the gas temperatures in the room reach 1100 degrees F.
the room changes from a two-layer condition to a single well mixed hot gas condition from floor to ceiling.
all materials ignite simultaneously.

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23
Q 
Ch. 1 pg. 61 
The wind can increase the pressure inside the structure, drive smoke and flames into unburned portions of the structure and onto advancing firefighters.   Wind speeds of \_\_\_\_\_\_ can create wind driven fire conditions. 
A. 10 mph 
B. 15 mph 
C. 20 mph 
D. 25 mph
A

A. `10 mph.

you must be aware of the wind direction and velocity and use it to your advantage to assist in tactical ventilation.

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24
Q

Ch. 1 pg. 61
Limiting or interrupting one or more of the essential elements in the combustion process depicted in the fire tetrahedron controls and extinguishes fire. Firefighters can influence fire dynamics in a number of ways. (4)

A
  • temperature reductions use water or foam
  • Fuel removal -eliminate new sources of fuel. tactics in wildland fires, or liquid and gas fires.
  • oxygen exclusion/ flow path.- control doors and using tactical ventilation to control the amount of air available.
  • chemical flame inhibition - using extinguishing agents other than water. dry chemical, halons to stop flame production.
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25
Q 
When the air supply is limited, the level of incomplete combustion is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A. lower
B. higher 
C. same 
D. depends on the burning fuel.
A

B. higher.

26
Q

CH. 1
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Carbon monoxide is colorless odorless gas present is almost every fire. it is released when organic material burns in an atmosphere with limited supply of oxygen
Acts a chemical asphyxiant
CO combines with hemoglobin ______ time better than O2.

A

200

27
Q

CH. 1
HCN hydrogen cyanide
incomplete combustion of substance that contain nitrogen and carbon produce HCN. HCN is 35 more toxic that CO. it can be _______, ______ or _________ where it targets the heart and brain.

A

inhaled
ingested
absorbed into the body.

28
Q

CH. 1
CO2 carbon dioxide
It is not toxic in the same manner as CO or HCN, but it displaces existing oxygen which creates an oxygen deficient atmosphere. CO2 acts as a ____________ increasing the respiratory rate.

A

respiratory stimulant.

29
Q 
Ch. 1 pg. 31 
in terms of fire behavior, power is the heat release rate during combustion.   the speed with which this work occurs, heat release rate in the amount of generated power.   The standard international unit for power is?
A. joules 
B. BTU
C. Watts 
D. Kelvin
A

C. Watts

power is the rate at which energy transfers.

30
Q 
When confirmation is made that lives are threatened but not lost and the structure is stable enough for operations, what strategy can be used?
A. Defensive
B. Rescue
C. Offensive 
D. Marginal
A

Offensive,

Hose lines are placed to protect egress and rescue operations.

31
Q

Ch. 4. pg. 169
Following the arrival report, perform a visual size-up by looking at the scene from all sides. while checking all sides of the structure, the information you gather includes: which one is not correct?
A. victim survivability based on conditions
B. Any indicators of fire location
C. Highest floor of fire involvement
D. Forcible entry requirements

A

C. highest floor of fire involvement.

full list:

  • victim survivability based on conditions
  • any indicators of fire location
  • Lowest floor of fire involvement
  • Smoke conditions
  • forcible entry requirements
  • special hazards, chemical, propane, electrical lines, elevation changes
  • building construction features, basements or balloon frame construction.
32
Q 
ch. 4 
Ventilation-limited conditions can result in smoke pulsing out of openings within a structure.  Opening the structure what conditions may be the result: 
A. high neutral plane 
B. high temperatures low visability
C. rapid fire growth 
D. low neutral plane.
A

C. rapid fire growth.

pulsing smoke is a fire needing oxygen.

33
Q

Ch. 1 pg. 28
Radiant heat can become that dominant mode of heat transfer as the fire grows in size. Radiation is a common cause of exposure fires. Numerous factors influence radiant heat transfer. Which is not associated with radiant heat transfer?
A. Nature of the exposed surface
B. Density of the material in contact with the heat source
C. distance between the heat source and exposed surfaces
D. Temperature of the heat source.

A

B. density of the material in contact with the heat source.

this refers to conduction.

34
Q 
Ch. 1 Fire Dynamics 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a colorless and odorless gas that is present at almost every fire.
A.  Carbon monoxide CO
B. Carbon dioxide CO2
C. Hydrogen Cyinide HCN 
D. phsphgene
A

A. Carbon monoxide.

Carbon monoxide is 200 time more likely to combine with hemoglobin than O2. it excludes oxygen from the blood.

35
Q

The rate at which a fuel releases energy over time depends on many variables. Which is not one of the variables?

a. Chemical composition
b. Arrangement
c. Heat
d. Availability of oxygen for combustion

A

C. heat.

fuel release energy over time variables:

  • chemical composition
  • Arrangement
  • Density of fuel
  • Availability of oxygen for combustion
36
Q 
Ch. 4. pg. 164 perceptions 
Your perception are based on observations influenced by your knowledge, biases, beliefs and past experiences.   To counteract misperceptions you must rely on additional sources for gathering of facts. What is one of your best resources for gathering facts?
A. 360 Survey 
B. Information from dispatch 
C. observations from crew members 
D. proper training
A

C. observations from crew members.

you should encourage your crew to apply situational awareness during emergencies.

37
Q 
Ch. 1 Fire Dynamics 
In solids off-gassing is a chemical change known as: 
A. vaporization 
B. pyrolysis
C. chemical reaction 
D. physical reaction
A

B. pyrolysis

38
Q 
Ch. 2. pg. 85
Survey information may be recorded on a standardized form, improving the chance that essential information is gathered.   Some information must include the express permission of the owner/occupants.   What must you get permission for on the survey? 
A. Entering data storage areas
B. Roof Access
C. Photographs and videos 
D. Employee restricted areas.
A

C. photographs and videos

39
Q 
Ch. 4. Size-up 
Upon arrival you see brown smoke coming from the house.   Brown smoke is an indication of:   
A. Burning wood 
B. Burning synthetics 
C. an undeveloped fire 
D. a fully developed fire
A

A. Burning wood.

Brown smoke is common in mid-stage heating as moisture mixes with gases and carbon.
also common in mid-to late stage heating.

40
Q 
Ch. 4. size-up 
Things that are likely to occur based on a given situation describes what:
A. Facts
B. Perceptions 
C. Projections
D. Probabilities
A

D. probabilities

41
Q 
Ch. 1 pg. 37 
Oxygen concentration in the atmosphere has a significant effect on both fire behavior and our ability to survive.   An atmosphere that is oxygen deficient has a level of o2 less than: 
A. 19.5 %
B. 20.5 % 
C. 21.5 % 
D. 23.5 %.
A

A. 19.5 %.

this level presents a hazard to persons not wearing respiratory protection, such as SCBA.
atmosphere exceeds 23.5%. is considered oxygen enriched and presents and increased fire risk.

42
Q 
When the air supply is limited, the level of Incomplete combustion is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A. lower
B. higher
C. same
D. depends of the burning fuel
A

B. higher.

43
Q 
Ch. 1 pg. pg. 27 
Insulating materials slow the conduction of heat from one solid to another.   Good insulators are materials that do not conduct heat well because their physical makeup disrupts the point-to-point transfer of heat.   The best commercial insulators used in building construction are: 
A. wood 
B. Concrete
C. Fibrous material 
D. gypsom wall board.
A

C. fibrous material

These materials have void spaces between them filled with gas such as air. Gases do not conduct heat very well because their molecules are relatively far apart.

44
Q

There are many types of energy including all but or ___________.

a. chemical
b. thermal
c. mechanical
d. electrical
e. light
f. Nuclear
g. Sound
h. all of the above

A

H. all of the above.

but the three that are sources of thermal energy are:
Chemical
Mechanical
Electrical.

45
Q 
Ch. 1 Fire Dynamics pg. 36
Oxygen in the air is the primary oxidizing agent in most fires.   Normally air consists of about 21% oxygen.    At normal ambient temperatures 68 degrees F. materials can ignite and burn at oxygen concentrations as low as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ percent.   
A. 18 
B. 20 
C. 17 
D. 15
A

D. 15%

When oxygen concentration is limited, the flaming combustion will diminish, causing combustion to continue in the non flaming mode. Non flaming or smoldering combustion can continue at extremely low oxygen concentrations.

46
Q 
Ch. 2 pg. 93.   
The Ventilation device that is hinged at the bottom and held closed with a fusable link is know as: 
A. Atrium vents 
B. monitors 
C. skylights 
D. Automatic roof and wall vents.
A

B. monitors

47
Q

Ch. 2 Pre-incident planning
Life-Safety information is collected in two basic topics area: protection and evacuation of occupants and protection of Fire fighters.
Occupant protection information to be gathered and recorded during the interior survey includes: (6)

A
  • location and number of exits
  • location of escalators and elevators
  • locations of windows and other openings suitable for rescue access
  • special evacuation considerations disabled, old or young
  • locations areas of safe refuge
  • flammable and toxic interior finishes or processes
48
Q 
At standard temperature and atmosphieric pressure, gases remain calm and move very little.   Gases will alway move from: 
A. Circulate to balance pressure
B. to form layers (stratification)
C. Low pressure to high pressure
D. High pressure to low pressure
A

D. high pressure to low pressure.

49
Q 
Ch. 2 pg. 93 
Some structures are equipped with built-in ventilation devices that are designed to limit the spread of fire, release heated fire gases, or control smoke and contaminated atmospheres.   One of these devices will limit spread of heat and smoke, and accelerate the activation of automatic sprinklers in the area.   What is this device called?
A. Monitors 
B. Atrium vents 
C. Curtain boards 
D. Automatic roof and wall vents
A

C. curtain boards

Curtain boards or draft curtains, limit the horizontal spread of heat and smoke, confine them directly over their sources, and concentrate heat and smoke directly under automatic roof vents. this can accelerate vent activation and activation of sprinklers.

50
Q

Ch. 1 Fire Dynamics
The rate at which a fuel releases energy over time depends on may variables including:. (4)
CAAD.

A

Chemical composition
Arrangement
Availability of oxygen for combustion
Density of the fuel

51
Q

Some structures are equipped with built-in ventilation devices that are designed to: Which is not correct.
A. limit the spread of fire
B. release heated fire gases
C. control smoke and contaminated atmospheres.
D. contain fire and limit spread.

A

D. contain fire and limit spread.

a ventilation system does not contain fire!

52
Q 
ch. 1 pg. 31 
In terms of fire behavior, power is the heat release rate during combustion.   The speed with which this work occurs, heat release rate, is the amount of generated power.   The standard internation unit for power is? 
A. Joules 
B. BTU's 
C. Watts 
D. Kelvin
A

C. Watts

power is the rate at which energy transfers.

53
Q

Ch. 4 pg. 175.
When the neutral plane is roughly centered between the ceiling and floor the fire is beginning:
A. to be ventilation controlled
B. to be fuel controlled
C. to change from growth stage to fully developed
D. to self ventilate to the exterior.

A

A. to be ventilation controlled.

and flashover conditions are developing

54
Q

Ch. 1 pg. 28
Radiant heat can become the dominant mode of heat transfer as the fire grows in size. Radiation is a common cause of exposure fires. Numerous factors influence radiant heat transfer. Which is not associated with Radiant heat transfer.
A. Nature of the exposed surfaces
B. Density of material in contact with heat source
C. Distance between the heat source and exposed surface
D. Temperature of the heat source.

A

B. density of the material in contact with heat source.

this refers to conduction.

55
Q 
Ch. 1 pg. 34 
Liquid fuels that vaporize sufficiently to burn at temperatures under \_\_\_\_\_\_ present a significant fammability hazard. 
A. 212 degrees
B. 150 degrees 
C. 100 degrees
D. 75 degrees
A

C. 100 degrees

56
Q

Black fire refers to dense, black smoke(fuel) that is ready to ignite, possibly at the vent point. It will become ventilation controlled and fill the area, becoming a backdraft or smoke explosion hazard. In ths type of environment, the best way to reduce the potential for flashover is to:
A. Vertical ventalation
B. Horizontal ventalation
C. Apply water to the ceiling
D. Apply water from the exterior of the building through a window or door.

A

C. apply water to the ceiling

57
Q

Type 4 construction:
Any other materials used in construction and not composed of wood must have a fire-resistance rating of:
A. at least one hour
B. at least two hours
C. at least three hours
D. the duration of the of the structural members fire resistance rating.

A

A. at least one hour.

58
Q 
Ch 1 pg. 40 
Fires develop through four stages: incipient, growth, fully developed, decay. These stages can occur with any fire; however there are three key factors that control how the fire develops: 
Which is incorrect: 
A. the fuel properties
B. heat conservation
C. the fuel arrangement 
D. the ventilation available
A

C. the fuel arrangement.

key factors for fire development are:
the fuel properties
the ventilation available
heat conservation.

59
Q 
Strategy and Tactics ch. 2 
Which factory built home consists of individual parts that are custom cut and must be assembled on site? 
A. Manufactured
B. Modular
C. Panelized
D. Precut
A

D. Precut.

60
Q 
Strategy and Tactics ch. 5 
Exposure protection can be accomplished as a \_\_\_\_ strategy and does not always mean defensive operations are the strategy: 
A. structure protection 
B. Property protection 
C. Loss control strategy 
D. Transitional strategy
A

B. property protection

IFSTA Strategy and Tactics 2nd Edition (6 decks)

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