Exam I Flashcards
All sensory systems do not extract the same basic information from stimuli
False
A vibration of 200 Hz would be detected best by what type of receptor?
Pacinian corpuscle
The deeper the receptor the larger the receptor feild
True
what receptors are slow adapting receptors?
Merkels disc and ruffini ending
A merkel’s disc receptor in the finger would have its cell body where?
in the dorsal root ganglion
if a hand is placed in water that is the same temperature as body temperature what would happen
both cold and warmth receptors would generate similar firing rates
when a pacinian corpuscle is pressed what will occur to the sodium channels at the site of deformation
they will open
as a generator becomes less negative, what will happen to the rate of firing in the associated sensory nerve
increase
what effect does lateral inhibition have on two point touch discrimination on the body surface
it has no effect on two-point discrimination
some nociceptive signals may reach the higher cortical levels via the dorsal columns
true
fast pathways of nociceptive transmission use A delta fibers, releases glutamate in spinal cord and mostly terminate in ventrobasal complex of thalamus
true
which nociceptive pathway has significant termination sites associated with the periaqueductal gray matter
slow
polymodal (slow) nociceptors respond to what
extremes of temperature, bradykinin, mechanical deformation
an inhibitory spinal cord interneuron can block nociceptive signals by the release of what
enkephalin
what effect would pottasium ions have on nociceptors
it would lower their threshold (sensitization)
the raphe nucleus sends projections to the spinal cord that release what neurotransmitter which has what effect on nociceptive transmission
serotonin which inhibits nociceptive transmission
of all the spinal joints, which one is most heavily innervated with mechanoreceptors
cervical
which type of spinal joint mechanoreceptors are low threshold, rapidly adapting and completely inactive in immobilized joints
type II
which spinal joint mechanoreceptors function in the perception of posture and movement, and have tonic effects on lower motor neuron pools effecting neck, limb, jaw and eye muscles
type I
type IV receptors in the spinal joints are low threshold and always fire as the joint is moved
false
type IV receptors in the spinal joints are high threshold and dont fire as the joint is moved
true
an increase in signal strength due to activation of a greater number of fibers is an example of what
spatial summation
as a sensory signal is transmitted from the skin to the cortex what is observed
generalized pattern of divergence
cervical spinal joint dysfunction at the level of C2 could cause a headache through what mechanism
incoming signals from C2 spill over and stimulates V cranial nerve nucleus
headache due to constipation is probably due to what mechanism
absorption of toxic products which then irritates meninges
in a reverberating circuit signal prolongation to a fixed input is enhanced by what
stimulation of facilitatory input
when considering the stimulatory field of an incoming axon what is true
as you move away from the center of the field, innervation decreases
complex feature detection neurons for tactile stimulation are located in the
primary somatosensory cortex
a single neuron in BM 1,2 could respond strongly to a stroking tactile stimulus on the skin in one direction, but weakly to the same stimulus in the opposite direction
true
pain and nociception are terms that mean the same thing and can be used interchangeably
false
what substance is the only substance that is released by nociceptors themselves
substance P
why is surgery to destroy nociceptive pathway to alleviate pain a bad idea
new pain sensations post surgery, worse than before
the mechanism of feffered pain could be
visceral nerve fibers and skin nerve fibers sharing common synapses in the cord
thermal receptors (both warmth and cold) are non-adapting in nature
false
which type of headache has a vascular origin and may respond favorable to chiropractic care
migraine
what is a means of stabilizing nervous system function and helps prevent over-stimulation and excessive spread of stimulation
inhibitory circuits and synaptic fatigue