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OB > EXAM 4 > Flashcards

EXAM 4 Flashcards

1
Q

risk factors for osteoporosis

A 
Alcohol use
Corticosteroid use
Calcium low 
Estrogen low
Smoking
Sedentary lifestyle
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2
Q

how to prevent osteoporosis

A

exercise, calcintonin, bisphosphonate, raloxifene, vit D 400-800, and calcium 1000-2000

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3
Q

why do preterm infants have difficulty breathing at birth

A

lungs are not fully developed. they have insufficient production of surfactant and lungs become stiff

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4
Q

what is the most important education regarding mammograms

A

> 40 yearly

earlier if you have a family history

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5
Q

thrive in alkaline environment

malodorous, green discharge

A

trichomoniasis

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6
Q

tx for trichomoniasis

A

metronidazole (flagyl)

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7
Q

normal flora replaced

grayish white discharge, fish odor

A

bacterial vaginosis

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8
Q

tx for bacterial vaginosis

A

metronidazole (flagyl)

climdamycin (cleocin)

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9
Q

asymptomatic in women

most common

A

chlamydia

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10
Q

main cause of PID

A

chlamydia

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11
Q

tx of chlamydia

A

azithromycin, doxycycline, or erythromycin

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12
Q

dysuria and dyspareunia

A

gonorrhea

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13
Q

tx of gonorrhea

A

rocephin, ciprofloxacin

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14
Q

caused by treponema pallidum

A

syphilis

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15
Q

stages of syphilis

A

primary- highly contagious chancre sores
secondary- enlarged liver and spleen
tertiary- difficult to treat; paralysis and psychosis

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16
Q

tx for syphilis

A

penicillin

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17
Q

cause of herpes

A

HSV 1 AND 2

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18
Q

clustered vesicles on genitals, pain, tenderness, flu like symptoms

A

herpes

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19
Q

tx for herpes

A

acyclovir and abstinence

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20
Q

soft grayish pink cauliflower like lesions

need frequent pap smear

A

genital warts- hpv

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21
Q

associated with cervical cancer

A

genital warts

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22
Q

moniliasis, yeast infection, and changes in vaginal ph

A

candidiasis

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23
Q

symptoms include vaginal itching, cottage cheese discharge, burning with urination

A

candidiasis

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24
Q

tx for candidiasis

A

OTC monistat, or -zoles

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25
Q

what do you suction

A

mouth first then nose

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26
Q

apnea greater than 20 seconds

A

this is abnormal; administer surfactant

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27
Q

insufficient production of surfactant, lungs become stiff- noncompliant

A

respiratory distress syndrome

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28
Q

what is considered post term infant

A

42 weeks

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29
Q 
poor placenta function 
no vernix, dry, cracked, peeling skin
unusually alert
wide eyed
thin 
loose skin 
no languo
long nails
head of hair 
thin cord
A

post term infant

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30
Q

cause of ROP

A

high levels of oxygen in blood contribute to this

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31
Q

what happens due to ROP

A

visual impairment or blindness; dont give too much oxygen and they will need eye exam

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32
Q

serious inflammatory condition of intestinal treat

A

NEC; nectroizing enterocolitis

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33
Q

what causes NEC and why

A

feeding too early or too often can contribute to it

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34
Q

Abdominal girth increases, larger gastric residuals, vomiting, blood in stools

A

NEC ; measure abdominal growth

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35
Q

tx for NEC

A

antibiotics, stop enternal feeding, and possible surgery

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36
Q

assess babys pain

A

PIPP -premature infant pain profile
NIPS-neonatal infant pain scale (same thing)
facial expressions like quivering lips or grimacing face; o2 changes, changes in HR, crying, cry face, red face, furrowed brow, squeezing eyes

37
Q

greater than 90% on growth cart

weighing 4000 g or more at birth

A

LGA

38
Q

longer labors, shoulder dystocia and clavicle injuries, congenital heart defects, hypogylcemia and polycythemia

A

large gestational age

39
Q

intrauterine growth restriction in small gestational age is caused by

A

vasoconstriction

40
Q

congenital malformations, chromosomal anomalies, multiple births, infection, poor placenta function, maternal preeclampsia, smoking

A

risk factors for small gestational age

41
Q

risk factors for macrosomic infants

A

longer labors, birth injuries, shoulder dystocia, cogenital heart defects

42
Q

difference between diabetic tremors and preterm tremors

A

diabetic cant stop but preterm can

43
Q

education for oral birth control

A

risk for clotting
dont smoke
same time everyday

44
Q

how do we know they are ready to feed

A

rooting, sucking, respirations <60, gag reflex

45
Q

how do we know they are not ready to feed

A

excessive gastric residuals, respirations >60- cant feed orally

46
Q

how do we assess for jaundice

A

check level q8 hours by blanching the skin (pressing over bony prominence). determine infants oral intake and # of stools

47
Q

interventions for baby with hyperbilirubinemia

A

maintain thermal environment- prevent cold stress or hypoglycemia
nutrition-infant receives feedings as prescribed
protect eyes

48
Q

why is it hard to thermoregulate small babies

A 
low body weight 
little fat
thin skin, visible blood vessels
extension of extremities
low temp
49
Q

5 things indicate heat loss

A 
mottled skin
lethargy 
respiratory distress
hypoglycemia
weak cry
50
Q

measurements of head, chest, length, and weight
support high caloric needs, monitor temp
assess for hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, and hypothermia
assess for jaundice
prevent heat loss

A

interventions for small babies

51
Q

skin

A

full-cracked skin

pre-thin, transparent, less fat, red

52
Q

lanugo/vernix

A

full-

pre-abundant

53
Q

muscle tone and posture

A

full-flexion of arms and legs

pre-more extended

54
Q

popliteal angle

A

full-fixed flexion

pre-less relaxin in preterm, over flexion of popliteal

55
Q

sole creases

A

full-more

pre-less

56
Q

ear formation

A

full-formed and fixed, flops back

pre-not as formed, will not flop into place if flattened

57
Q

square window

A

full-more relaxin, more flexion

pre-less flexion

58
Q

scarf sign

A

full-will not cross completely

pre-crosses completely due to lack of muscle tone

59
Q

heel to ear

A

full-cannot reach ear

pre-reaches ear

60
Q

genitalia

A

full-full coverage of labia, testes may have descended, more rugae
pre-clitoris and minora exposed, testes dont descende, less rugae

61
Q

how to preterm infants thermoregulate themselves

A

kangaroo care/skin to skin

62
Q

mild respiratory problem of babies that begins after birth and lasts about 3 days

A

TTN -TRANSIENT TACHYPNEA

63
Q

transient means

A

temporary

64
Q

what is MAS

A

meconium aspiration syndrome

65
Q

what to do for MAS

A

suction !

66
Q

how to assess the infant of a diabetic mother

A

look for trauma, anomalies, respiratory difficulty; HYPOGLYCEMIA- jittery or tremors

67
Q

if a baby is withdrawing from heroine what will they be put on

A

methadone

68
Q

infants reflexes if theyre born addicted

A

hyperreflexia with poor muscle tone

69
Q

what does cocaine do the mom and baby

A

mom: vasoconstricts, hypoxia, tremors, tachycardia, abruptae placentae, spontaneous abortion, PROM, preeclampsia
baby: irritability, increased tone, easily distressed, affects SNS

70
Q

side effects of oral contraceptives

A 
Abdominal pain
Chest pain, dyspnea
Headache severe
Eye problems, loss of vision
Swelling of calf/thigh; redness
71
Q

risk for pregnancy in the first 3 months

A

vasectomy

72
Q

last 3 years and quick return of fertility

A

implanon

73
Q

every 12 weeks and must get another shot

A

depo

74
Q

must take within 72 of sex

A

plan b

75
Q

better compliance
fertility returns within 1 month
3 weeks on and 1 week off

A

orthoevra

76
Q

leave in for 3 weeks and remove for 1

A

nuvaring

77
Q

extremely effective

replace 5-10 years

A

IUD

78
Q

When is a woman considered not fertile

A

1 full year of trying

79
Q

3 contributing factors to infertility

A

disorders in ovulation- PCOS
abnormalities of tubes- scarring, endometriosis
abnormalities of cervix- inadequate progesterone

80
Q

predicts if lungs are mature or not

A

amniocentesis

81
Q

what can you give mom to prevent RDS

A

corticosteriods

82
Q

what is considered pre term

A

before 37 weeks. late preterm is 34-36 weeks

83
Q

full term

A

39 weeks

84
Q

post term

A

42 weeks

85
Q

ROP is seen in babies

A

1500 g or less

86
Q

body is derived from o2

A

asphyxia

87
Q

if womans water is mec stained

A

risk for infection

monitor for hyperthermia and hypertension

88
Q

first questions to ask a patient before teaching about oral contraceptives

A

DVT?

SMOKER?

89
Q

diabetics are prone to

A

yeast infections due to sugar

OB (5 decks)

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