EXAM 3 Kirk L3: Systemic Circulation 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood pressure is measured with a spyngonomater using Kortokoff sounds

  1. When pressure generated by cuff is higher than systolic blood pressure:
  2. As pressure is slowly released, BP drops below systolic blood pressure and blood begins to flow in a ____ manner
  3. When cuff pressure falls below the diastolic pressure then….
A
  1. When pressure in cuff is higher than systolic pressure: no pulse, no sound
  2. As pressure is released from the cuff, BP drops below systolic and turbulant blood flow happens, allowing us to hear sounds
  3. When cuff pressure falls below diastolic pressure flow is laminar so we hear no sounds
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2
Q

Explain the following via sounds

The systolic pressure corresponds to _____

The diastolic pressure corresponds to _____

A

Systolic pressure corresponds to first tapping sound

Diastolic pressure corresponds to the muffling of sounds

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3
Q

Explain the following determinants of arterial BP:

Pressure:

Transmural Pressure

Pressure Gradient

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

Pressure: force per unit area

Transmural pressure: pressure tending to distend or collapse a vessel

Pressure gradient: pressure differential between inflow and outflow

Hydrostatic Pressure: pressure caused by the height of a fluid column

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4
Q

Define Mean Arterial Pressure

Define pulse pressure

A

Mean Arterial Pressure: average pressure existing in the aorta and the proximal arterial system during one cardiac cycle

Mean Arterial Pressure = Diastolic Pressure + 1/3 Pulse Pressure

Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure, represents the force of contraction of the heart

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5
Q

Describe the various physiological factors regarding arterial pressure:

Cardiac Output

Total Peripheral Resistance

A

Cardiac Output: (stroke volume x HR) primarily affects systolic pressure… this is regulated by autonomic nervous system

Total peripheral resistance: primarily affects diastolic pressure, regulated by autonomic NS

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6
Q

What physiological factor primarily affects systolic pressure?

What physiological factor primarily affects diastolic pressure?

A

Cardiac output primarily affects systolic pressure

Total Peripheral Resistance primarily affects diastolic pressure

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7
Q

What happens during exercise:

Systolic pressure _____

Diastolic Pressure _______

Pulse Pressure _____

MAP ______

A

During exercise:
Systolic pressure increases

Diastolic pressure remains constant or slightly decreases

Pulse Pressure widens/increases

MAP increases (systolic goes way up, even though diastolic does not change much)

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8
Q

An increase in stroke volume _____ pulse pressure and MAP

An increase in HR ____ MAP

A

Increase in stroke volume increases PP and MAP

Increase in HR increases MAP

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9
Q

A decrease in compliance:

____ systolic pressure

____ diastolic pressure

____ pulse pressure

A

Decrease in compliance (think hard aortic valve)

Increases systolic pressure

Decreases diastolic pressure

Thus pulse pressure increases/widens

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10
Q

An increase in TPR does what to diastolic, systolic, MAP and Pulse Pressure

A

TRP increase

increases diastolic

increases systolic (not as much)

increases MAP

does nothing to PP

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11
Q

Explain the factors that affect TPR

A

Factors that affect TPR:

  • blood viscosity
  • radius of arterioles (this is controlled globally and locally)
  • global response: baroreceptors, hormones, sympathetic NS
  • local response: myogenic, endothelial-mediated,
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12
Q

Explain how the SNS and PSNS affect MAP

A

Sympathetic NS: affects heart, arterioles and veins

  • heart: increases HR (increases CO) and increases contraction strength (increases stroke volume and increases CO)
  • veins: increases venoconstriction, increases venous return, increases CO
  • arterioles: increases vasoconstriction, increases TPR, increases MAP

PSNS: only innervates the heart

PSNS: decrease HR, decrease CO

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