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Flashcards in Exam 3 Deck (38)
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1
Q

Hydrolase

A
  • these enzymes catalyze hydrolisis reactions
  • Examples: ester, amide (peptide), glycosidic, and phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed by hydrolase enzymes
  • Enzymes such as lipases (esterases), peptidases, amylases, and phosphatases are hydrolase enzymes
2
Q

Isomerase

A
  • these enzymes catalyze intramolecular transformations such that one molecule is converted to one of its isomers
  • in carbohydrate metabolism, enzymes such as epimerase and mutase are involved
3
Q

Ligase

A
  • these enzymes catalyze formation of bonds between carbon and other atoms, primarily nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur
  • Enzymes such as synthases, are ligase enzymes
  • In more general terms, ligation or ligase reaction refers to a synthesis reaction
4
Q

Lyase

A
  • these enzymes catalyze breakage of carbon-carbon, carbon-sulfur, and carbon-nitrogen bonds (but not peptide bonds)
  • Reactions in which CO2 groups are removed, carbon chains are shortened, or hydroxy groups are removed are catalyzed by lyases
5
Q

Oxidoreductase

A
  • these enzymes catalyse oxidation (loss of a H+) and reduction (gain of a H+) reactions.
  • Many reactions involve numerous steps to produce the desired products
  • Very often oxidation and reduction reactions are part of these reaction sequences
  • Enzymes known as dehydrogenases are common examples of oxidoreductases
6
Q

Transferase

A
  • as the name implies, these enzymes catalyze transfer of certain funcitonal groups from one molecule to another
  • Acyl-, amino-, carbonyl-, carboxyl-, mehtyl-, and phosphoryl- transferases are common in cellular metabolism
7
Q

First Order Reaction

A
8
Q

Allosteric Enzymes

A

Binds relatively slowly

9
Q
A

Glycerol

10
Q
A

Glyceraldehyde

11
Q
A

Dihydroxyacetone

12
Q
A

Maltose, alpha (1–>4) glycosidic bond

13
Q
A

Cellobiose, beta(1 –> 4) glycosidic bond

14
Q
A

Glycine

(Gly)

15
Q
A

Alanine

(Ala)

16
Q
A

Valine

(Val)

17
Q
A

Leucine

(Leu)

18
Q
A

Isoleucine

(Ile)

19
Q
A

Proline

(Pro)

20
Q
A

Tryptophan

(Trp)

21
Q
A

Phenylalanine

(Phe)

22
Q
A

Methionine

(Met)

23
Q
A

Serine

(Ser)

24
Q
A

Threonine

(Thr)

25
Q
A

Tyrosine

(Tyr)

26
Q
A

Cystine

(Cys)

27
Q
A

Glutamic Acid

(Glu)

28
Q
A

Aspartic Acid

(Asp)

29
Q
A

Glutamine

(Gln)

30
Q
A

Asparagine

(Asn)

31
Q
A

Histidine

(His)

32
Q
A

Lysine

(Lys)

33
Q
A

Arginine

(Arg)

34
Q

Essential Amino Acids

A
  1. Phe
  2. Val
  3. Thr
  4. Trp
  5. Ile
  6. Met
  7. His
  8. Arg
  9. Leu
  10. Lys
35
Q
A

Starch

36
Q
A

Cellulose

37
Q

Adding phasphate to glucose

A

Glucose + ATP –> Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP

38
Q
A