Exam #2- Word Doc (2)

Question 1

Of the following which would cause a DECREASE in SUBJECT DENSITY?

a. Disuse atrophy
b. Paget’s disease
c. Sclerotic osteosarcoma
d. Fluid in the lung

Answer 1

disuse atrophy

Question 2

If you INCREASED the mAs and REDUCED the kV from a given radiographic technique what would be the outcome?

a. the film would be underexposed
b. the film would be overexposed
c. the film would have less contrast
d. it would have more contrast

Answer 2

it would have more contrast

Question 3

To DECREASE the DENSITY of a previously taken film by 1/2 , which would you do?

a. increase the kV by 15%
b. decrease the mAs by 50%
c. increase the mAs by 30%
d. decrease the kV by 50%

Answer 3

decrease the mAs by 50%

Question 4

If the film is TOO DARK, it is said to be _____.

a. underexposed
b. overexposed
c. under penetrated
d. of good contrast

Answer 4

overexposed

Question 5

Determine which radiographic technique would have the SHORTEST scale of contrast. (NOT enough gray)

a. 60 kV with 100 mA for 2 sec
b. 70 kV with 300 mA for ½ sec
c. 80 kV with 50 mA for 2 sec
d. 90 kV with 200 mA for ¼ sec

Answer 5

60 kV with 100 mA for 2 sec

lowest kV

Question 6

About how many kV would be needed to make the SLIGHTEST VISIBLE CHANGE in DENSITY on a radiograph if you were using a single phase unit?

a. 10
b. 7
c. 4
d. 2

Answer 6

4

4 kV / 30% mAs

Question 7

Which effect would adding 100% more mAs to a radiographic technique have?

a. it would slightly darken the film
b. it would noticeably lighten the film
c. it would double the density of the film
d. it would enhance the contrast on the film

Answer 7

it would double the density of the film

Question 8

Which of the following best describes what you should expect if you retake an AP lumbar with 15% reduction in the kV and leave the mAs constant?

a. the density of the film would be reduced by 30%
b. the density of the film would be increased by 2/3
c. the density of the film would be reduced by 1/2
d. the density of the film would be increased by 50%

Answer 8

The density of the film would be reduced by ½

Question 9

If you have a radiograph of the lumbar spine that is noticeably too light but you can see the bones on it and if you deiced to solve your problem by the 15% rule, which would you do?

a. Increase the kV by 15%
b. Decrease the kV by 15%
c. Increase the mAs by 15%
d. Decrease the mAs by 15%

Answer 9

Increase the kV by 15%

OR double the mAs

Question 10

Which is the recommended optimal kV range for an A-P THORACIC film?

a. 75-85
b. 80-90
c. 85-95
d. 80-100

Answer 10

75-85

Question 11

Which of the following refers to an ATTENUATION of part of the BEAM by the GRID?

a. grid radius
b. grid factor
c. grid latitude
d. grid cut-off

Answer 11

grid cut-off

Question 12

If you looked into the port of a used x-ray tube and saw that the entire surface of the ANODE had BUMPS which of the follow terms best matches this appearance?

a. anode melting
b. anode pitting
c. anode overload
d. anode rotation is slow

Answer 12

anode pitting

Question 13

A FILAMENT does what?

a. reduces heat
b. reduces photons
c. gives off x-rays
d. forms electrons

Answer 13

forms electrons

Question 14

** In which direction do grid lines run?

a. at right angles to the patient
b. in the long axis of the patient
c. horizontally across the patient
d. diagonally across the patient

Answer 14

in the long axis of the patient

Question 15

** Which radiographic technique would cause the MOST ABSORPTION of x-rays in a patient’s body?

a. 10 mAs with 140 kV
b. 20 mAs with 90 kV
c. 30 mAs with 60 kV
d. 40 mAs with 40 kV

Answer 15

40 mAs with 40 kV

higher kV, MORE penetration, LESS absorption

Question 16

What is the most common cause of a BLURRY image in practice?

a. patient motion
b. screen un-sharpness
c. increased in the OFD
d. equipment motion

Answer 16

patient motion

Question 17

CONTRAST between structures of difference SUBJECT DENSITIES is due to which of the following?

a. differential absorption
b. conversion efficiency
c. spectral matching
d. after glow

Answer 17

differential absorption

Question 18

Which of the following exposure techniques would have the LOWEST contrast?

a. 200 mAs with 75 kV
b. 150 mAs with 65 kV
c. 100 mAs with 95 kV
d. 50 mAs with 110 kV

Answer 18

50 mAs with 110 kV

LOW contrast = LOW mAs, HIGH kV

Question 19

Which best describes the effect that SCATTER RADIATION has on a film?

a. it makes the film black
b. it causes graying of the film
c. it causes a graininess to the film
d. it makes the film lighter

Answer 19

it causes a graying of the film

darkens film, decreases clarity and contrast

Question 20

All other factors being equal which radiographic technique would demonstrate the MOST FILM GRAIN (QUANTUM MOTTLE)?

a. 70 kV with 25 mA for 1 sec
b. 80 kV with 50 mA for ½ sec
c. 90 kV with 100 mA for ¼ sec
d. 100 kV with 200 mA for 1/8 sec

Answer 20

100 kV with 200 mA for 1/8 sec

Too HIGH kV, low mAs

Question 21

The _____ is the main function of mAs.

a. film contrast
b. film density
c. film speed
d. film latitude

Answer 21

film density

Question 22

Imagine for a moment that you are a preceptor with a Dr. Haystacks Calhoon a retired professional wrestler who graduated from chiropractic college 30 years ago and has practiced in Onslow, Iowa ever since. You have just taken a lateral cervical film on a new patient named Mr. King Kong Bundy. You see that the finished radiograph is so light that you cannot see any bones at all. Feeling strongly that King Kong must have some bones to help him carry around his enormous head you decide to try another film. Which change in the radiographic technique will probably yield the best possible image of Mr. Bundy’s cervical spine?

a. doubling the mAs
b. increase the kilovolts 15%
c. doubling the mAs and increasing the kilovolts by adding 6
d. increasing the kilovolts by 15% and adding 60% more mAs
e. doubling the mAs and increasing the kilovolts by adding 15% more

Answer 22

Double the mAs and increasing the kilovolts by adding 15% more

Question 23

You have just associated with Dr. Scrap Iron Gadaski in Cabin John, Maryland just outside of Washington D.C. Dr. Gadaski decides to drive across the Chesapeake Bay to Washington D.C.’s “skid row” to pick up a few street people which he feels will form a patient base for your budding practice. He has managed to persuade five people to get on his clinic bus and ride back to Cabin John. He does the initial exams with you taking notes then he tells you to do a lumbar series on all of them because you need the practice with the x-raying lumbar spines. Scrap Iron demands that you use his variable kV technique so you measure all of them for the A-P view. Below are the patients’ names and measurements from downtown Washington (due to HIPPA requirements the last names have been withheld). Determine the type of radiographic technique the god doctor uses.

a. Millard F measures 30 cm
b. John Q A measures 27 cm
c. H. Ulysses G measures 37 cm
d. S. Grover C measures 47 cm
e. Rutherford H measures 20 cm

Answer 23

Rutherford H _ measures 20 cm

Question 24

When x-raying an OBESE patient, which of the following would be helpful in obtaining a better quality film?

a. longer exposure time
b. lower kV in the optimal range
c. higher kV in the optimal range
d. shorter tube distance

Answer 24

lower kV in the optimal range

Question 25

Osteoporosis will usually require you to do which of the following?

a. reduces the tube output
b. increases the tube output
c. develop the films faster
d. pump up the patient

Answer 25

reduce the tube output

Question 26

Which is the recommended optimal kV range for an A-P THORACIC film?

a. 75-85
b. 80-90
c. 85-95
d. 80-100

Answer 26

75-85

Question 27

Which would be most likely to DECREASE the amount of SECONDARY RADIATION to a film?

a. an increase in patient size
b. an increase in the mAs
c. an increase in the film size
d. an increase in the kVp

Answer 27

an increase in the mAs

Question 28

Which of the following radiographic projections routinely uses an AIR GAP technique?

a. lateral thoracic
b. A-P open mouth
c. lateral cervical
d. P-A lumbar

Answer 28

lateral cervical

Cervicals
(everything else uses a GRID)

Question 29

A film with a DARKENED overall GRAY appearance could be caused by which of the following?

a. the use of too high of a grid ratio
b. light leak from a bent cassette
c. exposure of the film to scatter
d. too low of a kVp technique

Answer 29

exposure of the film to scatter

darkens film, causes graying, decreases contrast and clarity

Question 30

About how much INCREASE in mAs is required when going from a non grid technique to using a technique with a 12:1 grid?

a. 5 times
b. 7 times
c. 10 times
d. 12 times

Answer 30

5 times

Question 31

If you wanted to alter your contrast so that a radiograph had MORE GRAY tones, what would you INCREASE?

a. filters
b. mAs
c. FFD
d. kV

Answer 31

kV

more gray = increase kV, decrease mAs

Question 32

To DOUBLE the DENSITY of a film by using mAs, what would you do?

a. increase the mAs by 100%
b. increase the mAs by 50%
c. increase the mAs by 30%
d. increase the mAs by 15%

Answer 32

increase the mAs by 100%

Question 33

A film that is LIGHTER on ONE SIDE than the other most likely would indicate _____.

a. grid cut-off
b. too much filtration
c. incorrect FFD
d. high kV and low mAs technique

Answer 33

grid cut-off

Question 34

Which of the following best describes the outcome REDUCING the mAs by ½ keeping the kV and the DISTANCE CONSTANT?

a. the film would have more contrast
b. the film would have less contrast
c. the film density would be increased
d. the film density would be decreased

Answer 34

the film density would be decreased

Question 35

Which of the following could be a problem if your x-ray TUBE was LATERALLY SHIFTED from the center of the film?

a. magnification distortion
b. shape distortion
c. image blurring
d. unequal filtration

Answer 35

shape distortion

Question 36

If you took an A-P lumbar on a thin patient using 85 kV at 100mA with the exposure time of ½ of a second and the film demonstrated all of the structures but was too light which should you do to get a better film?

a. increase the kV by 15%
b. increase the mAs by doubling it
c. increase the kV by 15% and decrease the mAs by 50%
d. increase the mAs by 30% and decrease the kV by 15%

Answer 36

increase the mAs by doubling it

Question 37

To DOUBLE the DENSITY of a film by using kV, what would you do?

a. increase the kV by 50%
b. increase the kV by 30%
c. increase the kV by 25%
d. increase the kV by 15%

Answer 37

increase the kV by 15%

Question 38

** Which of the following would result in an increase in the amount of x-rays passing through patient without an interaction that would produce secondary radiation?

a. use of an air gap
b. use of a grid
c. higher mAs
d. higher kV

Answer 38

higher kV