Exam 2 Part 3 Flashcards
What types of articulation scorings are there?
end way scoring, two-way scoring, , phonetic transcription
Hit or miss scoring
Two-way scoring
Includes hit or miss, deletion, or distortion scoring
Three-way scoring
blends two vowel sounds that are pronounced with the tongue positioned low and back in the mouth
Low-back merger
Where is the low-back merger occurring?
Western Pennsylvania, eastern New England, West (California)
Where is the Northern Cities Shift occurring?
Great Lakes including Chicago, Detroit, Milwaukee, Cleveland and Buffalo
Movement of one vowel spurs a reactive movement in a neighboring vowel; caught takes on a vowel similar to that originally used for cot. The cot vowel also shifts, becoming more like the vowel of cat, etc.
Northern Cities Shift
Pronunciation of the “long i” sound as “ah,”
Southern Shift
Where is the Southern Shift occurring?
Virginia to northern Florida, westward across much of Texas, and northward to roughly the Ohio River.
Mixture of the Northern Cities Shift and Low-back merger
California Shift
2 sounds are said to be in non-overlapping environments
Predictable variation
Articulatory difference between [ t̪ ] and [t]
dental vs. alveolar place
Main difference between a short and a long diphthong
Distance from off-glide to nucleus
2 or more interlocutors participate in a task or activity
Communicative act
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Omission
