Exam 2 Part 3 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Exam 2 Part 3 Deck (35)
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1
Q

Coffee drinking spread from …

A

Turkey and Arabia to Europe

2
Q

This is the most popular stimulant in the world.

A

Caffeine

3
Q

caffeine is a _______ stimulant but as with any drug, excessive use leads to problem

A

mild

4
Q

tolerance occurs:

A

more and more cups required to achieve the same effect

5
Q

Generally how many cups of coffee per day result in dependence?

A

6

6
Q

Withdrawal symptoms from caffeine include:

A

headaches and sleepiness

7
Q

Caffeine use increases:

A

anxiety

8
Q

how does caffeine work in the brain

A

by blocking the receptors for adenosine, a natural brain chemical that causes drowsiness

9
Q

1 demitasse espresso=

A

200mg

10
Q

1 cup brewed American=

A

100mg

11
Q

1 can of red bull=

A

83mg

12
Q

1 Vivarin tablet=

A

200mg

13
Q

1 can Spike Shooter=

A

300mg

14
Q

Tabacco was introduced to _____ by ______

A

Europe

Christopher Columbus

15
Q

In the 19th and 20th cent. what was the original method of use of tobacco?

A

Smoking in a pipe

16
Q

When did cigarette smoking spread quickly in the US?

A

from 1920 to the early 70s

17
Q

this allowed for deeper smoke inhalation

A

milder tobacco strains

18
Q

In the 1920’s this was marketed to who

A

“Camel”

women, young people, and dieters

19
Q

What contributed to more people smoking cigarettes?

A

the invention of automatic cigarette rolling machine, free samples, recognition of economic value of tobacco crops, and the additive properties of nicotine

20
Q

What is the dosage of tobacco that is absorbed in the lungs from smoking a cigarette?

A

1mg

21
Q

What is the dosage of tobacco that is absorbed by the mucus membranes in the mouth from chewing tobacco?

A

4.5mg

22
Q

Physical Effects:

Nicotine disrupts…

A

neurotransmitter balance:
endorphines
dopamine
acetylcholine

23
Q

Nicotine does what to the body?

A

constricts blood vessels, raises heart rate, depresses appetite, produces a mild euphoria, and deadens senses

24
Q

________ of chemicals are released when tobacco is burned.

A

100s

25
Q

___ and ____ irritate tissues and _______ are known carcinogens

A

tar and heat

nitrosamines

26
Q

___________ ________ irreversibly binds to the hemoglobin of _____ ___ ___ which does what?

A

carbon monoxide
red blood cells
reduces ability to carry oxygen to the body tissues including the heart

27
Q

Heart disease from tobacco:

A

cardon monoxide accelerates the process of atherosclerosis

28
Q

what is atherosclerosis?

A

the hardening and narrowing of arteries supplying blood to the heart

29
Q

What are the percentages for lung disease and cancer?

A

85% of men and 75% of women with lung cancer smoke

30
Q

WHat is fetal effect?

A

less oxygen for the fetus due to carbon monoxide TF, leading to premature birth and low n=birth weight newborns

31
Q

What are some forms of smokeless tobacco?

A

moist snuff and loose leaf

32
Q

Absorption of nicotine takes longer with _____ than with _____.

A

smokeless than with smoked tobacco

33
Q

though absorption of nicotine takes longer with smokeless tobacco then with smoked tobacco;

A

more nicotine reaches the blood and increases in heart rate and bold pressure are more pronounced

34
Q

with the use of smokeless tobacco, lung cancer rates…

A

decrease

35
Q

Chewing tobacco;

A

increases levels of gum disease and increases rates of throat, mouth, and esophageal cancer.