Exam 2 Part 2

Question 1

Dialect of standard English primarily spoken by African Americans

Answer 1

African American English

Question 2

What are some misconceptions about AAE?

Answer 2

Random, broken or bad English, speakers are uneducated, speakers are lazy or illiterate

Question 3

What are some changes that happen during AAE (3)?

Answer 3

• /ŋ/ to /n/
• /ð/ to /t/ or /d/
• Reduction of word final consonant clusters (“test” to “tes”)
• Absence of copula is and are

Question 4

What is an example of multiple negation?

Answer 4

He don’t do nothin -> He doesn’t do anything

Question 5

may be in the form “be”
● habitual or iterative meaning (recurring)
● in SE is represented by the adverbs usually or always

Answer 5

Aspectual be

Question 6

What are some issues with AAE?

Answer 6

1. Racism and inferiority are intertwined with AAE
2. Negative attitudes towards AAE
3. AAE not addressed effectively in the classroom

Question 7

o Lawsuit filed on behalf of fifteen African American
students
o Alleged that the school had ‘failed to properly educate the children

Answer 7

Ann Arbor Case, 1979

Question 8

o African American students were failing in schools
nationwide
o The Task Force came up with nine resolutions to help combat this issue

Answer 8

Oakland Resolution, 1996

Question 9

What is an example of aspectual be?

Answer 9

Bruce be running

Question 10

What is an example of absence of copula is and are?

Answer 10

He tall -> he is tall

Question 11

How are linguistic codes subordinated (8)

Answer 11

Language is mystified, authority is claimed, Misinformation is generated, targeted languages trivialized, conformers are held as positive examples, non-conformers are marginalized, explicit promises are made, threats are made

Question 12

You can never hope to comprehend the difficulties and complexities of your mother tongue without expert guidance; Using terminology that may not be familiar to other speakers

Answer 12

Language is mystified

Question 13

We are experts, talk like me/us, we know what we are doing because we have studied language and write well

Answer 13

Authority is claimed

Question 14

The usage you are so attached to is inaccurate, variant I prefer is superior on historical, or logical ground

Answer 14

Misinformation is generated

Question 15

Look how cute , how funny this language is

Answer 15

Targeted languages are trivialized

Question 16

See what you can accomplish if you only try, how far you can get if you see the light

Answer 16

Conformers are held up as positive examples

Question 17

Look how stupid these speakers are

Answer 17

Non-conformers are vilified or marginalized

Question 18

Employers will take you seriously; doors will open

Answer 18

Explicit promises are made

Question 19

No one important will take you seriously; doors will close

Answer 19

Threats are made

Question 20

What 3 things are needed for communication?

Answer 20

Speaker, listener, context

Question 21

Therefore, social structure and linguistic variation is often filtered by our _______.

Answer 21

Language ideology filter

Question 22

Refers to all individuals participating as speakers/listeners in the communicative act.

Answer 22

Interlocutor

Question 23

What affects our willingness to participate and how we participate?

Answer 23

Language ideology filter

Question 24

A speaker’s ability to use language appropriately in social context

Answer 24

Communicative competence

Question 25

What are some examples of push-pull factors?

Answer 25

Pressure from school or home