Exam 2-Exercise 2 (Integumentary System)

Question 1

What are the functions of the Integumentary system?

Answer 1

Regulate body temp, slow water loss, hold sensory receptors, metabolism, blood reservoir,excretion

Question 2

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 2

Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous layer/hypodermis

Question 3

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Answer 3

Stratum Corneum,Stratum Lucidum,Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale

Question 4

What are keratinocytes?

Answer 4

Most common cells of the skin, form in the stratum basale, tightly connected by desmosomes

Question 5

What is keratin?

Answer 5

a protein

Question 6

How do skin cells age?

Answer 6

Older skin cells get pushed to the surface

Question 7

What is thick skin?

Answer 7

Has thicker layers, found in the palms, fingertips, and soles of the feet

Question 8

What is thin skin?

Answer 8

has NO stratum lucidum; covers the rest of the body

Question 9

What are melanocytes?

Answer 9

cells that give color

Question 10

What is melanin?

Answer 10

a pigment that is widespread in living things

Question 11

What are freckles and moles?

Answer 11

Local accumulations of melanin

Question 12

What are the layers of the dermis?

Answer 12

Papillary and Reticular layer

Question 13

What are eccrine sweat glands?

Answer 13

Found over most of the body; Functions in thermoregulation

Question 14

What are apocrine glands?

Answer 14

Confined to axillary and anogenital areas; start functioning at puberty

Question 15

What are the functions of sebaceous glands?

Answer 15

Produce an oily/waxy secretion, bactericidal, softens hair and skin

Question 16

What are the jobs of hair?

Answer 16

Alerting the body to presence of insects on the skin; guarding the scalp against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight;providing insulation and warning signs(other species)

Question 17

What is hair?

Answer 17

dead keratinized cells

Question 18

How can skin help to maintain body temperature in hot weather?

Answer 18

Eccrine glands produce sweat, arrector pili relax, arterioles dilate allowing blood to get closer to the skin

Question 19

How can skin help to maintain body temperature in cold weather

Answer 19

No sweat is produced, arrector pili contract, arterioles contract keeping blood from the skin surface, muscles contract, mitochondria convert fat directly to heat

Question 20

What does cyanosis(blue) skin tell us?

Answer 20

Low blood oxygen level

Question 21

What does red skin tell us?

Answer 21

Fever, hypertension, inflammation or allergy

Question 22

What does pallor(white) skin tell us?

Answer 22

Emotions, anemia, low blood pressure

Question 23

what does yellow(jaundice) skin tell?

Answer 23

Liver disease

Question 24

What are the causes of whiteheads?

Answer 24

Sebaceous glands that are blocked

Question 25

What is acne caused by>?

Answer 25

Bacterial infection of the sebaceous glands

Question 26

What is alopecia?

Answer 26

Hair loss

Question 27

What causes alopecia?

Answer 27

High fever, surgery, emotional trauma, certain drugs

Question 28

What is the most serious type of skin cancer?

Answer 28

Melanoma

Question 29

What are the causes of burns?

Answer 29

heat, electricity, radiation, and certain chemicals

Question 30

How are burns dangerous?

Answer 30

cause tissue damage, denatured protein; immediate threat is from dehydration and electrolyte imbalance leading to a renal shutdown and circulatory shock

Question 31

What is first degree burn?

Answer 31

Epidermal damage only

Question 32

What is second degree burn?

Answer 32

Epidermal and upper dermal damage; Blisters appear

Question 33

What is third degree burn?

Answer 33

Entire thickness of skin damaged, nerve endings are destroyed; Skin grafting usually necessary

Question 34

What are stretch marks, and what causes them?

Answer 34

Scars that form in reaction to tearing of the dermis; Can happen in pregnancy