Exam 2 Flashcards
Developmental Acclimatization
Occurs during a person’s development in response to environmental pressure. ex) excessive sun exposure in childhood can result in a permanent skin color change, “freckles”
Long term adaptations
Is genetic and characterizes all individuals in a pop. ex) people’s whose ancestors evolved in less sunny environments have less skin pigmentation
Short Term, “Plasticity”
Responses to the environment that go away when the person leaves the environment
Clinal Distribution
Continuous Variation
BioCultural Example - Sickle Cell Disease
Deforestation - opening of pools of water during rainy season, pools of water become breeding grounds for mosquitos, leads to Malaria, Mosquitos become resistant to pesticides (DDT)
BioCultural Example - Lactose Intolerance
The natural star for adult mammals - common in Asians, Africans, due to agriculture and cuisine
BioCultural Evolution
Interaction between human cultural environment and human biology
Environmental Influences on Phenotype - “Cold Climates”
“Vapoconstriction” - when skin surface capillaries restrict blood flow to the skin, keeps body heat in the core of the body
“Shivering” - generates heat through rapid muscle twitches (Short-term)
“Goose bumps”
Bergman’s Rule
- relates body size to climate
- body size greater in colder climates
Allen’s Rule
- relates appendage length to climate
- appendage length shorter in colder climates
Species Concept
System of classifying organisms into discrete species
Biological Species Concept
Species is a group of individuals capable of fertile interbreeding with own species
Ecological Species Concept
Species is a group of organisms exploiting a single niche
Recognition Species Concept
Each species has a unique system for recognizing mates
- vocalist ions, color, mating signals
Convergent Evolution
How natural selection shapes the phenotype
