Venturi mask
Delivers FiO2 of 24-55% at 2-10 L/min via different sized adaptors. Most accurate.
Simple face mask
Delivers FiO2 40-60% at 5-8 L/min short term oxygen therapy.
Face tent
Delivers an FiO2 24-100% at at least 10 L/min and requires high humidification.
Nasal cannula
Delivers an FiO2 24-44% at 1-6 L/min via tubing with 2 small prongs inserted into nares.
Endotracheal suctioning
No longer than 15 seconds.
Spinal cord injury at C3 concern
An injury at C5 or above can result in damage to phrenic nerve which innervates diaphragm affecting breathing.
Smokers are increased risk for…
Cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer.
Nonrebreathing mask must…
Be checked to make sure that it is inflated at all times.
Increased hemoglobin levels…
Do NOT cause low pulse oximetry reading. Nail polish, inadequate circulation, and edema will.
Normal cardiac output is….
4-6 L/min.
Smoking causes…
Vasoconstriction which restricts blood flow to heart and peripheral tissues.
Tracheostomy care
Suction pressure should be kept at 14-20 mmHg to prevent tracheal wall necrosis.
Left sided HF
Characterised by decreased functioning of left ventricle.
Dexamethasone
Steroid that may raise blood glucose.
Client may have hepatitis B, is spitting, scratching, and confused…
Nurse must enter room wearing gloves, gown, and face shield.
Reservoirs
Blood, wound drainage, food, oxygen tubing.
Last thing removed…
Mask
Chickenpox and pulmonary tuberculosis
Require airborne precautions.
Infectious agent
Bacteria, fungus, Protozoa, virus.
Exit and entry portal
Skin, respiratory and GI.
Standard precautions
Nurse wears gloves each time he empties bedpan.
Medical asepsis
Nurse wipes off clients bedside table.
Client scheduled for intravenous pyelogram (IVP), before the test…
Assess for allergy to shellfish, IVP contrast often contains iodine.
When catheterising uncircumcised males…
Always return foreskin back over the penis.
Client urination response following surgery…
Decreased urine output.
Minimize nocturia by…
Avoid fluid for 2 hours before bedtime.
Maintaining Foley catheter in dependent position…
Prevents urinary reflux.
Ultrasonography of a kidney…
Requires no special precautions.
Normal serum albumin levels…
4.0 g/dl
Verifying placement of feeding tube…
Placing an order for radiograph only way to a accurately verify placement.
Soft/low residue diet
Consists of foods that are low in finer and easy to digest ex. Dairy.
pH of stomach
3.0 or less
Position to prevent skin breakdown
Semi-fowlers
Hip joint
Synovial-moves freely
Immobilized clients at risk for…
Hypercalcemia
Fibrous tissues that bind joints together connecting bone and cartilage…
Ligaments
Most effective intervention in managing fecal and urinary incontinence…
Use incontinence cleanser, followed by moisture barrier ointment.
Best way to obtain wound specimen…
Cleanse wound first.
Diabetes puts client at risk for…
Impaired circulation, suppressed immune system.
Aquathermia pad must be removed after 30 minutes…
Because reflex vasoconstriction occurs.
Braden scale
Measures sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, friction, and shear.
Nonrebreather mask
Delivers 80-95% FiO2 at rate of 10-15 L/min to keep reservoir bag 2/3 full during inspiration and expiration.