Exam 1- Epigenetics And Disease Flashcards Preview

NURS611 Advanced Pathophysiology > Exam 1- Epigenetics And Disease > Flashcards

Flashcards in Exam 1- Epigenetics And Disease Deck (12)
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1
Q

Histone

A

Protein around which DNA winds

2
Q

Transcription

A

Process of making mRNA from a section of DNA.

3
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA wrapped around histones (proteins) to give it structure inside the nucleus.

4
Q

Chromosome

A

A long structure of DNA

5
Q

Gene

A

Section of DNA that carries the code for a protein or noncoding rna

6
Q

Epigenetics

A

Can cause people with the same DNA to have different disease profiles. As twins age, they show increasing differences in methylation patterns of their DNA sequences, causing increasing numbers of phenotypic differences.

7
Q

Hypermethylation

A

Seen in miRNA genes that bind to the ends of mRNAs, degrading them and preventing their translation. When they are methylated, their mRNA targets are over-expressed, which has been associated with metastasis.

8
Q

DNA methylation

A

A type of epigenetic modification. A methyl group attaches to the cytosine base followed by a guinine base. Causes the gene to be transcriptionally inactive or silent. Aberrant methylation can lead to silencing if tumor-repressing genes in the development of cancer.

A gene with methylation on its promoter region is less likely to be transcribed into mRNA

9
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A

All cells in the embryo have the potential to become any type of cell in the fetus or adult. All cells have the same DNA sequence, but the transcriptional activity varies substantially. Epigenetic modification helps to determine the fate of each cell

10
Q

Imprinting

A

A transcriptionally silenced gene from one parent or the other.

Ex: Prader-Willi syndrome

11
Q

Oncomirs

A

MiRNAs that stimulate development and progression of cancer.

12
Q

Housekeeping genes

A

Necessary to maintain function of all types of cells and normally remain transcriptionally active