Exam 1 Flashcards Preview

Women's Health > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Exam 1 Deck (21)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

menarche

A

onset of menstruation (begins ~ age 12; until approx 51)

2
Q

duration of menstruation cycle

A

21-35 days (normal); average 28 days

3
Q

typical menstruation

A

3-5 days

30-50 ml

4
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

A

Trophoblast cells from the fertilized oocyte secrete HCG into the maternal bloodstream

HCG can be detected up to 10-14 days after ovulation

Reaches maximum at 10-12 weeks

Function: Maintains corpus luteum causing it to secrete larger quantities of progesterone and estrogen for 6-7 weeks; progesterone and estrogen maintain the endometrium (placenta takes over)

5
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

No menstrual cycle by age 13 in a girl without secondary sexual development

No menstrual cycle by age 15 in a girl with secondary sexual development

6
Q

secondary amenorrhea

A

Previously menstruating, but none in the past 6 months

7
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

Infrequent, usually irregular cycles

> 40 days between periods or since last period, but not yet 6 months between cycles

8
Q

hypomenorrhea

A

Decreased menstrual flow or decreased days of flow

9
Q

menorrhagia

A

Heavy or prolonged bleeding with regular cycles/frequency

10
Q

metrorrhagia

A

Irregular bleeding or bleeding between periods

11
Q

menometrorrhagia

A

Heavy bleeding, irregular cycles/timing

12
Q

dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)

A

Irregular menstruation without anatomic lesion in the uterus

13
Q

cervical cancer - stats

A

1.5 % of cancer deaths (rare)

mean age at diagnosis: 47

88% of cases in developing countries

14
Q

cervical cancer -symptoms

A

postcoital bleeding, abnormal uterine bleeding, watery, purulent, malodorous discharge

15
Q

cervical cancer - screening

A

begin: age 21 (not earlier)
frequency: 1-3 yrs until 30; 3-5 yrs if last HPV neg after 30
Stop: 65-70 or after hysterectomy (of not due to cancer)

16
Q

colposcopy

A

A follow-up exam for abnormal cytology results (gold standard)

Uses high-magnification and acetic acid to identify and biopsy suspicious cervical lesions (histology

note: results compared to ASCCP guidelines

17
Q

endocervical curettage (ECC)

A

removes pre-cancerous cells
Frequently performed with a colposcopy exam to collect cells from the endocervix
Results are vague in that exact site of lesion is not known
Provides guidance for performing further exploration

18
Q

endometrial biopsy

A

Performed to detect endometrial cancer

Done with colposcopy in follow-up for certain abnormal cytology results (esp glandular cell pathology)

19
Q

LEEP: loop electrosurgical excision procedure

A

removes pre-cancerous cells
Heated wire loop
Done in office
Diagnostic and Therapeutic (tissue removed and sent to lab)
Sometimes called: LLETZ- Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone

20
Q

cervical conization

A

removes pre-cancerous cells

Minor surgical procedure under general or regional anesthesia
Provides a deeper biopsy of the transformation zone
Frequently provides simultaneous diagnosis and treatment

Types:
Cold knife  scalpel and scissors (as above)
Sometimes called “Cold Cone”
Sometimes use CO2 laser or loop electrode

21
Q

cervical conization - indications

A

Used to follow-up high grade abnormal colposcopy results.

Incomplete/unsatisfactory colpo: entire SCJ (squamocolumnar junction) is not visualized on colpo or abnormal area is not viewed entirely

Positive ECC

Pap smear and biopsy do not agree

Treatment of known CIN 2 or CIN 3 lesion