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Flashcards in Exam 1 Deck (12)
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0
Q

Tyrosine kinase

A

-ligand binds to the receptor which activates the enzyme tyrosine kinase which phosphorylates the amino acid Tyrosine. This causes a change in protein function ie cell function

1
Q

Membrane potential

A
  • ligand binds to a receptor which opens or closing ion channel (which are specific for Na, K, Cl….
  • changes membrane potential and cellular function
2
Q

cAMP system

A

Ligand binds to a receptor which activates a G protein which associates with the catalytic part of the enzyme adenylate Cyclase. Adenylate Cyclase forms cAMP from ATP which activates the enzyme protein kinase. Protein kinase phosphorylates a protein using ATP -> changes the cell function

3
Q

DAG/inositol phosphate

A

Ligand binds to a receptor activating a G protein which activates the enzyme phospholipase C which acts on phosphatidylinositol phosphate to form inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacyglycerol (DAG) which releases calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum by opening Ca channels to follow the calmodulin pathway

4
Q

DAG

A

Activates protein kinase C, which phosphates a protein

5
Q

Common components of second messenger system

A
Primary chemical messenger
Gprotein 
Protein kinase 
Protein activator 
Cell response
6
Q

List of secondary messenger systems

A
Tyrosine kinase
Electrical membrane potential 
JAK 
cAMP
cGMP
calcium/calmodulin 
Inositol triphosphate 
Diacylglycerolb
7
Q

Primary chemical

A
Hormones
Neuro hormones
Neurotransmitters
Paracrimes
Autocrines
8
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Uses the electrochemical gradient of an ion to move a molecule, typically the molecule is Na

9
Q

What is the product of glycolysis

A

Pyruvate, 4 ATP 4 NADH

10
Q

Products of the citric acid cycle

A
Uses 2 acetyl CoA, forms
6 NADH 
2 FADH2
2 GTP 
4 CO2
11
Q

Electron transport chain

A

NADH = 3 ATP
FADH2 = 2 ATP
Oxygen is used to form H2O