Ex 2: Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance Flashcards Preview

NUTR 450 Medical Nutrition Therapy I > Ex 2: Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ex 2: Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance Deck (32)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Total body water depends on what three characteristics?

A

Age, Gender, and Fat composition

2
Q

Water loss and hazardous effects

A

20% loss can result in death; 10% loss kidney function impacted, BV and nutrient reabsorption decreased

3
Q

Water composition: a) birth b) obese adult c) normal male and female

A

a) 75-80% at birth b) 45-55% c) 55% female 60% males

4
Q

Four stages of heat illness

A

a) Heat Fatigue b) cramp c) exhaustion d) stroke

5
Q

Heat fatigue

A

Thirst, feeling of weakness or fatigue

6
Q

Heat cramp

A

Loss of sodium and potassium which causes cramps

7
Q

Heat exhaustion

A

headache, dizziness, cramps, nausea/vomiting, weakness, fast HR, profuse sweating

8
Q

Heat stroke

A

red, hot, dry skin, high BT x greater than 104, confusion and convulsions

9
Q

Identify the two basic fluid compartments and the electrolyte most prevalent in each compartment.

A

The intracellular and extracellular compartments

10
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

2/3 of body’s water, fluid w/in cells, higher concentration of potassium

11
Q

extracellular fluid

A

1/3 of body’s water, intravascular and interstitial

12
Q

Identify and explain the two mechanisms for movement of fluids between intracellular (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) areas.

A

Explained by osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure

13
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure exerted by fluid on the membrane

14
Q

Differentiate between osmosis and diffusion. Identify the osmolality of blood considered to be normal.

A

280-300 mOsm/kg

15
Q

Identify the minimum urine excretion per day to carry away waste products. How does this relate to the undertaking of a high protein diet? High sodium diet?

A

500-750 ml/day

16
Q

RAAS Activation

A

Decreased BV; Decreasing hydrostatic pressure

17
Q

Angiotensin II

A

constricts arteries raising BP; triggers release of aldosterone

18
Q

Aldosterone

A

kidneys retain sodium; sodium causes water to be retained

19
Q

Arginine Vasopressin release

A

(ADH) ; increased osmolality; decreased hydrostatic pressure

20
Q

Arginine Vasopressin

A

ADH; increases BV; lowers osmolality

21
Q

How many liters of digestive fluid is reabsorbed by the illeum and colon?

A

7-9 liters

22
Q

How many ml of water is secreted into the feces?

A

200ml

23
Q

How does fluid requirements change for patients with fever?

A

150 ml increase/day for each degree of body temperature above normal

24
Q

Fluid needs Calculation based on caloric intake

A

1 ml/kcal

25
Q

Fluid needs calculation based on body weight

A

30-35 ml/kg of body weight

26
Q

Infant Fluid needs calculation based on caloric intake

A

1.5 ml/kcal; kids have higher percentage of body water, larger surface area per unit of body weight, can’t handle higher protein loads, poor recognizers of dehydration

27
Q

Infant fluid needs calculation based on body weight

A

150ml/kg

28
Q

Maintenance therapy vs Replacement therapy

A

M - refers to routine fluid and electrolyte needs; Replacement - restore acute volume losses

29
Q

Why are the elderly at increased dehydration risk?

A

Lose ability to recognize thirst as we age; have impaired renal concentrating ability

30
Q

Isotonic IV

A

D5W - 5% dextrose in water or Normal saline-.9%NaCl

31
Q

Symptoms of overhydration

A

Low urine Specific gravity; pitting edema/periorbital edema; excessive frothy sputum; rapid labored and moist respirations

32
Q

What organ is most susceptible to water intoxication?

A

The brain; water intoxication causes hyponatremia, which leads to movement of water into the brain cells.

Decks in NUTR 450 Medical Nutrition Therapy I Class (36):