EVA - disability Flashcards
Disability:
WHO: ‘any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function’
‘Disability’ denotes ‘any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being’.
‘Handicap’’, is the ‘disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or disability, that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal (depending on age, sex and social and cultural factors) for that individual’
Personal tragedy (charity model)
Person not equal to a ‘normal’ person
In need of charity and help
But if they achieve something a “normal” person can do, then a source of inspiration
Name some assumptions of disability:
disability is located in biology, it is a given
disability is a medical issue,
not a social one or the one relating to social identity
having a disability means needing help and support
when a person with disability has a problem, the assumed cause is due to an impairment
the person with a disability is a victim
disability is central to self concept, self definition
disability is a fundamentally negative situation, resulting in a negative bias.
What is the social model of disability?
Go through with charlotte.. I dont really get it
Medical vs. Social model of disability (slide 24 on ppt)
read this, understand it
What are the types of discrimination against diabled people? (russell 2009)
(Dis)ableism - discrimination and prejudice against people with disabilities.
Social/economic – education and employment
Physical – access to built environment (housing, transport)
Cultural – language used/images of disability
Behavioural – abuse and violence, staring, lack of friendship and intimacy
Discuss social/economic discrimination –>
EDUCATIONAL SEGREGATION: the debate over special needs schooling
Disabled people have mixed feelings about the use of the word ‘special’ when what it means is separate and segregated
ECONOMIC DISCRIMINATION: disabled people are twice as likely to be unemployed as non-disabled people
Physical discrimination –>
Russell (2009) gives example of Paris, the disabling city
Wheelchair intolerant, cobblestone streets
Metro stations without (working) lifts
Toilets only accessible via stairs
Hotels without lifts
READ OVER CULTURAL DISCRIMINATION slides 33 and discuss with charlotte
Disability in the mass media is extremely negative. Disabling stereotypes which medicalise, patronise, criminalise and dehumanise disabled people abound in books, films, on television and in the press. They form the bedrock on which the attitudes towards, assumptions about and expectations of disabled people are based’
TRAGIC VICTIM– (used a lot in charity advertising), makes us feel sorry for the individual, linked to the idea that disabled people should be pitied, sometimes may triumph over their tragedy
SINISTER VILLAIN – suggests there is something inherently sinister or evil about people with disabilities
‘SUPER CRIP’ – disabled people as heroes – focus on special achievements. Lesson to us all ‘always somebody worse off than you’
Our awareness of social issues is influenced by THE CONCEPTS AND LANGUAGE we use
Terms such as ‘cripple’, ‘spastic’ and ‘mongol’ have become terms of abuse
Terms such as ‘the disabled’ depersonalises and objectifies disabled people
Behavioural Discrimination:
Disabled people are twice as likely to be the victims of violent crime compared to non-disabled people
Often find themselves stared at
Experiences of loneliness and lack of intimacy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ht0ceJYrSH4
Assumption that people with disabilities are asexual (taboo in society concerning discussion of disability and sex)
What is narrative reconstruction?
The routine way in which people make sense or give meaning to events in their life
Can be way to cope with the disruption that chronic illness may bring
Patients tell a ‘story’ of their illness as part of their biography in order to make sense of it in their lives
What do we mean with chronic illness as
‘biographical disruption’?
This concept refers to the disruption and destabilising, questioning and reorganisation of identity after the onset of a chronic illness
Need to renegotiate the present while past might seem like a strange place and the future doubtful
What is stigma and what are the four different ways
in which stigma may be experienced?
Goffman (1968): “an attribute that is deeply discrediting”. Discrediting stigma (visible or known stigma) Discreditable stigma (differentness not immediately apparent, can be managed/hidden, can become discrediting if people find out) Felt stigma (internal or self-stigmatization) Enacted stigma (experience of unfair treatment by others)
What does ‘master status’ refer to?
The social position that is the primary identifying characteristic of an individual
Any status (i.e. position, role or attribute) that overshadows all others of a person in social situations
I.e someone with schizophrenia becomes a schizophrenic
