Europe & Western Asia/Bede Flashcards
The year ___ A.D. marks the official end of the Roman Empire
476
As the Roman Empire disintegrated the two main agents of continuity were the Eastern Roman (or ___) Empire and the ___.
Bysantine, Christian
The Byzantine Empire lasted until the year ___.
1453
The agents of change were the ___ groups that were migrating - as they encountered Roman and Byzantine culture they became ___.
barbarian, Christian
Byzantium passed the heritage of the ___ civilization on to later cultures.
Greco-Roman
Constantinople was able to withstand repeated invasions, first because of strong ___ leadership and second, the city’s ___ and excellent fortifications.
military, location
Because Constantinople survived the ___ Empire survived, though reduced in territory.
Byzantine
For several centuries the Sassanid Empire of ___ was Byzantium’s most regular foe.
Persia
The Sassanid Empire benefited from a lucrative caravan trade that was linked to the __ Road and ___.
Silk, China
___ was the official state religion of the Sassanid Epire and adherents to other religions sometimes faced discrimination.
Zoroastrianism
The Byzantines crushed the ___ in a series of battles ending in 627 A.D., and by 651 the Sassanid dynasty collapsed.
Persians
Justinian ordered reform and organization of Roman law, and the result was three works which became the back bone of the corpus juris civilis, the ___ ___, which serves as the foundation of law for most European nations.
Justinian’s Code
We know that Byzantine intellectual Life was sophisticated because among member of the large reading public, ___ was a favorite subject.
history
By the seventh century Constantinople was the greatest city in the ___ world” and may have been the 3rd largest city in the world.
Christian
The word byzantine is sometimes used to mean extremely entangled and complicated ___
politics
As the Western Roman Empire disintegrated the Christian Church survived and grew and became the most important ___ in Europe
institution
The church adopted the geographical units of the Roman Empire called ___ where each was headed by a ___.
dioceses, bishop
The center of the bishop’s authority was his ___.
Cathedral
Ambrose of ___ was one of the “fathers of the ___”, who were recognized as having authority second only to the Bivle.
Milan, church
In 380, the emperor ___ made Christianity the ___ religion of the empire.
Theodosius, official
___ - a schism that was handled by Constantine in 325 A. D. as the ___ Creed attempted to define the nature of Christ.
Arianism, Niceen
Belief that contradicted the interpretation of church leaders was called ___, while what the church leaders defined as correct was known as ___.
heresy, orthodoxy
As the bishops of Rome asserted their authority and understanding known as ___ Doctrine - used to claim that the bishop of Rome should be viewed as the ___ - from the Latin for pap.
Petrine, Pope
The Christian Church headed by the pope in Rome was generally called the ___ Church.
Roman
Later the Roman Church would be known as the Roman ___ Church, with catholic meaning general, ___, or worldwide.
Catholic, universal
The lack of any real political unity in the West opened the door for popes from Rome to assert secular ___ as well as religious authority and nongovernmental ___ in world history.
authority, institution
In the East Rome’s claims were not accepted and gradually the Eastern ___ Church began to diverge from the Western church headquartered in Rome, Italy.
Orthodox
Although Christianity originated as a city religion, some pious Christians came to believe that a life of ___ was a better way to show their devotion to Christ’s teachings.
ascetiscism
The first individuals who believed in a life of asceticism were known as ___ or ___ and this form of monasticism was known as ___ monasticism,
hermits, monks, eremitical
Monks decided to live together and ___ communities developed
monastic
In 529, ___ of Nursia wrote a set of “regulations” for the monks who had gathered around him at ___, known as the ___ (from the Latin Regula)
Benedict, Monte Cassino, Rule
The rule of Saint ___ has influenced all forms of organized religious life in the roman church, including Sacred Heart Monastery and Mount Marty College
Benedict
In a Benedictine monastery the monastic life included prayer and manual ___.
labor
Benedict’s twin sister ___ adopted his Regula for the use of her community.
Scholastica
Benedictines conducted ___ for local young people.
schools
Some Benedictines copied ___ and wrote ___.
manuscripts, books
Over the centuries Benedictines ___ and educated ___ Europe, and Bishop Martin Marty viewed himself in this role as as he brought Catholicism to ___ Territory.
Christianized, Western, Dakota
The most influential church father in the west was Saint ___ of Hippo.
Augustine
While the Greeks and Romans taught that knowledge would lead to ___, Augustine argued that “original ___” had corrupted human will.
virtue, sin
In Augustine’s scheme God restores the strength of the will through ___ which is transmitted in certain rituals that the church defined as ___/.
grace, sacraments
The ___ disagreed with the veneration of icons and favored their destruction, which they viewed as a form of ___.
Iconoclasts, idolotry
The dispute on the veneration of icons created the ___ controversy which caused the Byzantine Empire and the Roman ___ to sever relations.
iconoclastic, papacy
Iconoclasm antagonized the pope and served to encourage him in his quest for an alliance with the ___monarchy.
Frankish
IN 1054 the bishop of Rome and the patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated each other, creating a ___ or split that continues today as we have the Roman ___ and Eastern ___ Churches.
schism, Catholic, Orthodox
