Ethnicity, Nationalism Flashcards

1
Q

Ethnicity

A
  • A social classification based on a common cultural heritage and selected cultural features such as language, religion, or dress
  • Concept emerges from historical processes that incorporate distinct social groups into a single political structure under conditions of inequality
    E.g. Fulbe identity in Northern Cameroon; Rwandan genocide
  • Ethnicity can be fluid, malleable, ignored, or acknowledged in different situations
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2
Q

Example of Fulbe identity

A

Fulbe identity in Guider as something that could be claimed even if not born into it, by:
Learning language
Practice religion (Islam)
Practice way of life (high culture of western Sudan)

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3
Q

Nationality

A

Nationality is a sense of identification with and loyalty to a nation-state; membership, defined by citizenship, in a geopolitical sovereign state

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4
Q

Nation

A

Groups of people believed to share the same history, culture, language, and even the same physical substance

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5
Q

Nation-state

A

An ideal political unit in which national identity and political territory coincide

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6
Q

Nationalism

A

Government’s attempts to instill a sense of nationality into the citizens of a state

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7
Q

Nationalism

A
  • Sometimes groups resist attempts at ‘nation-building’
    They present a different kind of identity that persists within the boundaries of the nation-state
    E.g. Quebec sovereignty movement, Parti Quebecois
  • To try to limit this, nationalist ideologies will often incorporate some aspects of subordinate cultural groups
    E.g. French and English as official languages
  • Sometimes there is disagreement over what kind of ‘nation’ people are trying to build
    Example of post-colonial Fiji, and continued strife between ethnic Fijians and Indo-Fijians
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8
Q

Nationalism in Australia

A
  • Founded by the British as penal (exile) colony, then settler colony
  • Land claimed as terra nullius
  • Australian identity founded on racial and and cultural features of British colonists
  • Ignored the existence of Aboriginal peoples
  • Significant gain with Mabo court decision in 1992
  • Similar to gain won by Aboriginal people in Canada in 2014 Supreme court decision
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9
Q

Nationalism in Ukraine

A
  • April 26, 1986 nuclear reactor explosion in Ukraine
    Chernobyl as key to the foundation of Ukraine as nation-state
  • Revised idea of citizenship – from a kind of ‘natural’ category based on birth to a kind of negotiated category Petryna calls biological citizenship, where citizenship is mediated by science and technology
  • So the damaged biology of population became grounds for social membership and basis for citizenship claims and claims for compensation
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