Ethnicity and Crime: Explaining C/D Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ethnicity and Crime: Explaining C/D Deck (18)
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1
Q

What does the OCS show about prison population?

A

Black males are 4% of the general population but 19% prison population

2
Q

What are the stop and search figures?

A

Black males are 8 times more likely to be stopped and searched than White males

3
Q

What did Graham and Bowling find?

A

Similar offending rates for Black and Whites, lower offending rates for Asians (self report study)

4
Q

What did the OCJS (2003) find?

A

Whites have a higher offending rate than Blacks (self report study)

5
Q

What did Lea and Young suggest? (Left Realism)

A

Although the police are sometimes racist OCS are usually correct. Black males are marginalised and deprived leading to criminal subcultures
(however focuses on victim’s experiences)
4 aspects : relative deprivation, individualism, marginalization, subculture

6
Q

What did Murray suggest? (R Realism

A

High levels of SPF and an ‘underclass culture’ for Blacks leads to more crime amongst Blacks

7
Q

What did Bourgois suggest?

A

Social exclusion and discrimination for EMs = formed alternative economy, this ‘subculture of resistance’ involves drugs and crime

8
Q

What did Merton (Funct) theorise?

A

Strain theory and a lack of means to reach goals = innovation/rebellion = crime, applies to EMs with less opportunities

9
Q

What was Sewell’s explanation of higher EM crime?

A

‘Triple quandrary’ for African-Carribean males led to subcultures and a ‘hypermasculine’ identity:
cannot relate to mainstream culture due to racism; influenced by conspicuous consumption; brought up in SPFs so lack positive male role models

10
Q

Wha did Hall say?

A

Media moral panic was used to justify higher policing of EM areas - blacks were scapegoats, not actually more criminal

11
Q

What was Phillips and Bowling’s explanation?

A

Oppressive policing = self fulfilling prophecies = more crime
EMs were not more criminal

12
Q

What did Cicourel find?

A

CJS holds stereotypical assumptions of the ‘typical delinquent’ including EMs: they are not more criminal but more liekly to be caught due to the racist stereotypes

13
Q

What did Gilroy (Neo-Marxist) find?

A

EM groups are not more criminal, CJS acts on racist stereotypes. EM crime is a form of political resistance
(EV - ignores intra-ethnic crime)

14
Q

What did Holdaway find?

A

A police canteen culture which holds racist stereotypes

15
Q

What did the Macpherson Enquiry find?

A

Institutional racism in the police

16
Q

What did Waddington find (EV of Macpherson Enquiry)

A

Proportions of stop and search reflected the proportion of people on the streets at night

17
Q

What did Phillips and Bowling find (EV of Holdaway)

A

Police do not treat EMs differently

however this was done on overt observation - less valid

18
Q

What is Gilroy’s argument?

A

Crime committed by young African-Caribbeans is political, resulting from their interpretation of their position in society
(EV - interracial crime, no empirical evidence, majority are law abiding)