Ethics Flashcards Preview

PS3021 Stats > Ethics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ethics Deck (16)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is morality?

A

What differentiates thoughts and actions into “good” and “bad.”

2
Q

What is moral code?

A

A system for making distinctions between what is “good” and “bad.”

3
Q

What is ethics?

A

Addressing questions about morals and how we decide if something is “good” or “bad.”

4
Q

Give the universality principle of moral absolutism.

A

Don’t do to others what you wouldn’t do to yourself.

5
Q

Explain the motivation aspect of the deontological perspective.

A

People are not a means to our ends.

6
Q

Give the intrinsic value principle of the deontological perspective.

A

Treat people with respect, because they are not objects.

7
Q

Explain the teleological idea behind practical ethics.

A

If there is good to be gained, sometimes a small, temporary violation can be permitted.

8
Q

Give 4 questions you should ask to ensure you are treating participants with dignity.

A

Are they from vulnerable groups? Do they require recompense? Do they require follow up? Are their needs and rights being respected?

9
Q

Give 4 questions you should ask to ensure your experiment is beneficial.

A

What is the benefit? Is there a genuine research question? Is the experiment valid? Will it shed light in the research question?

10
Q

Give 3 questions you should ask to ensure your experiment does not cause harm.

A

Is there risk of harm to participants? How do you ensure procedures to minimise risk are carried out properly? Is the experiment “picking on” vulnerable people?

11
Q

Summarise the human dignity/rights paramount area of ethical principles.

A

Interests of individual is most important, must not discriminate/stigmatise individuals, informed consent, withdrawal at any time, respect privacy and confidentiality.

12
Q

Summarise the maximise benefit, minimise harm area of ethical principles.

A

Protect the vulnerable and stop the experiment if harm is being done.

13
Q

Describe the replacement aspect of minimising animal suffering.

A

Computer modelling, in vitro methods, human volunteers, ‘lower’ animals, etc., should be used if possible.

14
Q

Describe the reduction aspect of minimising animal suffering.

A

If you can obtain the same info from fewer animals, or more info from the same number of animals you should, via improved experimental design, data collection and data sharing.

15
Q

Describe the refinement aspect of minimising animal suffering.

A

Minimise pain, suffering and distress, for example through environments enriching programmes, group housing and use of new anaesthetics, etc.

16
Q

What are he objectives of RECs?

A

Maintain ethical standards, protect participants and their rights, and provide reassurance that research being conducted is ethical.