Equine Infertility/Subfertility Flashcards Preview

RUSVM Theriogenology > Equine Infertility/Subfertility > Flashcards

Flashcards in Equine Infertility/Subfertility Deck (19)
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1
Q

How do you treat Seminal Vesiculitis in stallions?

A

long term antibiotics

Seminal vesiculitis (inflammation of the seminal vesicles) is a cause of pyospermia in stallions. Diagnose via palpation, ultrasound, urethroscopy, and semen collection/evaluation. Treat with Enrofloxacin IV or Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine orally for 6 weeks

2
Q

When there are no sperm present in the ejaculate, this is termed:

A

azoospermia

3
Q

Oligospermia in the stallion is when there are <____ sperm per ejaculate

A

<500 million

4
Q

Summer Sores in horses are caused by:

A

Habronema muscae larva

  • Habronema muscae larval lesions
  • Urethral process or preputial orifice
  • Larva stimulate granulomatous reaction
  • Yellow caseous granules
  • May impede urination
  • Ivermectin is effective treatment
5
Q

Seminal plasma AlkP <100 IU/L suggests:

A

ejaculatory failure or blockage

6
Q

Sperm in the stallion are the final product of a ____ day process that starts at the base of the seminiferous tubule.

A

57 day​

7
Q

The tail of the epididymis is the major storage area for mature sperm, along with __________ and __________

A

The tail of the epididymis is the major storage area for mature sperm along with the ductus deferens and ampullae.

8
Q

Oligospermia and azoospermia in the stallion are diagnosed by measuring:

A

seminal plasma Alkaline Phosphatase

  • >1000 IU/L suggests true ejaculation
  • 100 to 1000 IU/L partial ejaculate or partial blockage
  • <100 IU/L suggests ejaculatory failure or blockage
  • Most normal stallions - >3000 IU/L
9
Q

The most common neoplasia of the equine penis/prepuce is __________

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

  • More common in geldings
  • Small plaque to shallow roughened ulcerated neoplasia
  • Possible cryosurgery, surgical removal, reefing, penile amputation, topical medication
  • Sarcoid next most common preputial tumor
10
Q

Spermatogenesis is a 57 day process that can be divided into three phases. What are the three phases?

A
  • Spermatocytogenesis (mitosis)
  • Meiosis (BT barrier)
  • Spermiogenesis (elongation)
11
Q

What is an effective treatment for Summer Sores in horses?

A

Ivermectin

12
Q

Testicular degeneration in the stallion can be monitored with hormone profiles over three consecutive days. What abnormalities would be seen?

A

↑ FSH, ↓ Inhibin, ↓ Estrogen

Normal LH, normal testosterone

13
Q

__________ is the inability to ejaculate semen despite stimulation of the penis

A

Anejaculation

  • Behavioral or physical
  • Look at each component of breeding
    • Improper AV preparation
    • Improper phantom height, width
    • How is stallion handled?
  • Try breeding to submissive mare showing prominent estrus
  • Do PE/lameness exam on stallion
  • Try different techniques
14
Q

What is meant by the creepy term “proud cut” in horses?

A

Animal castrated but some testicular tissue left behind

15
Q

How do you treat oligospermia/azoospermia?

A
  • Rectal massage of the ampullae
  • Oxytocin 20 IU immediately before collection
  • Frequent collection
16
Q

T/F: Idiopathic Testicular Degeneration is genetic

A

True

17
Q

T/F: Good semen quality is a guarantee of adequate fertility

A

False

Good semen quality is not a guarantee of adequate fertility

18
Q

You have been called to a farm and have correctly diagnosed a mare with coital exanthema. This disease is caused by:

A

Equine herpesvirus 3

Equine coital exanthema is a benign venereal disease of horses that is caused by equine herpesvirus type 3 (EHV-3). Sexual rest is essential to allow ulcers to heal and prevent spread of the disease. The use of antibiotic ointments to prevent secondary infections is also advisable.

19
Q

T/F: Poor semen quality is a good predictor of inadequate fertility

A

True