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Flashcards in EQ2 Deck (35)
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1
Q

what are the general negative effects of the global shift to asia in asia?

A

Loss of productive land
Unplanned settlements
Environmental + resource pressure

2
Q

what are the general benefits of the global shift to asia in asia?

A
infrastructure investment
waged work
poverty reduction
education
training
3
Q

list the major environmental problems experienced by communities through globilisation that affect their health and wellbeing.

A

air and water pollution
land degradation
over-exploitation of resources
loss of biodiversity

4
Q

what is economic restructuring?

A

economic restructuring refers to the phenomenon of Western urban areas shifting from a manufacturing to a service sector economic base.

5
Q

what are the social and environmental problems caused as a result of economic restructuring?

A
dereliction
contamination
depopulation
crime
high unemployment
6
Q

what is one example of elite migration?

A

russian oligarchs migrating to london

7
Q

what are 2 examples of mass low wage migration?

A

india to UAE

Philippines to Saudi Arabia

8
Q

what spreads an increasingly ‘western’ global culture?

A

TNCs
global media corporations
tourism
migration

9
Q

list how TNCs contribute to the spread of globilisation.

A

global production networks
glocalisation
development of new markets

10
Q

How does deindustrialisation lead to worse quality of life ?

A

Factories close-land becomes derelict-jobs lost-people leave inner city-fewer services needed,shops+schools close- more jobs lost-more people- people who stay are mainly elderly or low income groups-little money put into area so becomes more rundown- more crime+vandalism, lower qol.

11
Q

What are the intervening obstacles for an economic migrant?

A
  • Not speaking local language
  • Visas/ other legal requirements
  • Family pressure to stay
  • Distance
12
Q

Why is North Korea so switched off ?

A
  • gov’t wanna remain isolated- don’t want whole country to know that rest of world leading a much better life
  • lost many trade partners+foreign breads from e.europe when communism fell
  • maintains v v big military, draining resources
  • face massive sanctions from us, un.. bc of nuclear programme. - v impossible to trade w rest of world.
13
Q

Describe the growth of Mumbai.

A

People flock from impoverished rural states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
2015: 22 million people - more than doubled since 1970.

14
Q

Describe the economic structure of Mumbai.

A

Urban employment covers a range of economic sectors and skill levels- large global brands e.g. Starbucks, Hilton
locals selling goods to rising middle class.
Some v wealthy people in Mumbai, including Bollywood stars and billionaires
Affluent areas: bandra and andheri
Slum areas : Dharavi - rising land prices across Mumbai- great pressure to redevelop this+other slum areas

15
Q

Describe the economic structure of Karachi.

A

Karachi= Pakistan’s centre of finance, industry+trade.
Range of industrial sectors including shipping banking retailing manufacturing
Increase mainly due to internal migration

16
Q

What’s the major problem with Karachi?

A

World’s most dangerous megacity: murder rate 12.3 for 100,000 residents
Crossed 2000 murders a year in 2012.

17
Q

Describe the violence in Karachi.

A
  • Minority Shia community attacked by Sunni supremacists.
  • Gangs tied to political parties run extortion rackets+land grab schemes
  • Pakistani Taliban militants gained foothold in city- criminal+smuggling rackets, robberies
  • Pitched firefights between gangs or between a gangs+police that last for days.
18
Q

How do urban areas grow ?

A

Natural increase-60%
Migration- 30%
Reclassification of rural areas- 10%

19
Q

What is centripetal migration?

A

Movement of people to centre of urban areas.

20
Q

What are the problems caused by the growth of mega cities?

A
Traffic congestion 
Excessive waste 
Segregation 
Disease epidemics 
Lack of green space 
Widespread poverty 
Water/noise/air pollution 
Deep ecofootprints 
Hyperurbanisation 
Overcrowding 
Slum sprawl 
Pressures on water quality/ supply
21
Q

What are examples of good urban governance leading to sustainable cities ?

A
  • taxes collected+invested in city
  • resources provided for population
  • resource provision minimises environmental damage
  • population is healthy+educated so further economic growth occurs
22
Q

What makes Panama a global hub?

A
  • canal connecting 2 oceans
  • directly involved in 5% global trade
  • Tocumen int’l airport more than 5mill passengers per year
  • colón free trade zone 2nd largest in world
  • currency US$
  • stable democratic gov’t good for investing
  • tax benefits+positive fiscal laws for investors.
23
Q

What are the characteristics of global hubs ?

A
Nodes on a network; Coastline ideal for trade 
Strategic coastline encourages investment 
Gov't policy open to investment 
Languages spoken 
Skilled labour-unis 
Affluence attracts service providers 
Large labour force 
Physical factors aid growth of industry
24
Q

What are the environmental effects of the global shift in china?

A
  • severe air pollution in cities like Beijing-close to 50% of all the worlds coal is burnt in china.
  • over 20% china subject to desertification and severe soil erosion, leading to dust storms.
  • in 2015 almost half of China’s land bases vertebrate species had been lost as habitats got destroyed.
25
Q

What’s the air pollution in Beijing?

A

Regularly over 100 PM2.5

26
Q

What are the benefits of immigrants leaving their host country in their host country?

A
  • remittances boost the incomes of families
  • contact w a different culture
  • reduces pressure o resources
27
Q

What are the benefits of immigrants in the destinations ?

A
  • low waged workers fill skills gaps

- migrants can counteract ageing population

28
Q

What is remittances ?

A

The money migrants send back home to help their families in the source country.

29
Q

What kind of culture does globalisation spread?

A

‘Westernised’ global culture

30
Q

What is the westernised culture based on?

A
  • wealth creation to guy consumer goods and high levels of consumption
  • private enterprise: people owning businesses instead of the govt owning them
  • “success”- how wealthy u are
  • fashion, technology, trends
  • exploiting the environment to gain wealth
31
Q

What are 2 examples of anti globalisation groups ?

A

Occupy Wall Street

Global Justice Movement

32
Q

What are the arguments against globalisation?

A
  • explores natural environment-deforestation, water pollution, global warming, biodiversity loss
  • exploits workers
  • gives all the power to TNCs
  • increased inequality
  • cultural erosion
33
Q

what creates an increasingly westernised culture?

A

TNCs,global media corporations tourism and migration

34
Q

what has the spread of global culture led to thats good?

A
new awareness of opportunities for
disadvantaged groups (4000 athletes paralympics rio 2016)
35
Q

what is the gini idex?

A

Gini coefficient expressed as a percentage