Enzymes Flashcards Preview

Biology > Enzymes > Flashcards

Flashcards in Enzymes Deck (24)
Loading flashcards...
0
Q

Name two processes that occur in plant or animal cells that require the use of enzymes.

A

Digestion

DNA Replication

1
Q

Give a detailed account of how enzymes work, referring in your answer to their specificity.

A

Enzymes are proteins that speed up a reaction without being used up in that reaction.
They are very specific and each one catalyses just one particular reaction. This specificity is related to their 3D- shape and in particular, the shape of the active site, which matches just one substrate. The shape of the active site can be changed in changes in ph or temperature, denaturing the enzyme.

2
Q

Some biological washing powders contain enzymes similar to the ones found in our digestive system. Many of these enzymes are extracted from bacteria.
Suggest why such enzymes are included in washing powder?

A

Enzymes are included to break down food stains.

3
Q

Why is 40 C the recommended temperature for washing powders?

A

Because it is the optimum temperature for these enzymes.

4
Q

Suggest what would happen to enzymes in an 80C wash.

A

Enzymes would be denatured and unable to work so the stains woulod not be removed.

5
Q

Give two advantages of using immobilised yeast cells in the production of alcohol?

A

1) easy to seperate the yeast cells from alcohol

2) It`s very easy to reuse the immobilised yeast.

6
Q

How did you test the presence of alcohol?

A

The dichromate test
put potassium dichromate solution in test tube
add 5 drops of the test solution
add 5 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid
warm test tube gently in a beaker of hot water
Potassium dichromate turns from orange to green in presence of alcohol

7
Q

What term is used for the substances that result from action of an enzyme on its substrate?

A

Product

8
Q

In relation to an enzyme, explain the term optimum activity.

A

Is the fastest rate for the enzyme.

9
Q

Name the Enzyme you used in your investigations.

A

Catalase

10
Q

Name the substrate you used in your investigations.

A

Hydrogen peroxide.

11
Q

Answer the following in relation to enzymes:

What is their chemical nature?

A

protein

12
Q

Comment on the shape of enzymes.

A

Folded shape

13
Q

Recording to your investigation, why was it necessary to keep the ph constant ?

A

Because ph affects the rate of enzyme action by interfering with the shape of the enzyme.

14
Q

How did you keep the ph constant in your investigation?

A

A buffer solution was added to keep the pH constant.

15
Q

How did you vary the temperature in the course of the investigation?

A

Temperature was varied by using water baths set at different temperatures.

16
Q

How did you know that the enzyme was working?

A

Bubbles of oxygen were observed, which produced foam with the washing up liquid.

17
Q

“Enzymes are essential for metabolism”

explain why this statement is true

A

Enzymes are biological catalysts- they speed up reactions without being used up themselves. Some reactions in the body would not happen quickly enough without enzymes; enzymes are said to control the reactions.

18
Q

State wheter the process is anabolic or catabolic:

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

A

anabolic

19
Q

State wheter the process is anabolic or catabolic:

CONVERSION OF ADP TO ATP

A

anabolic

20
Q

State wheter the process is anabolic or catabolic:

Reactions in which product molecules are larger than substrate molecules.

A

anabolic

21
Q

State one way by which an enzyme may be denaturated.

A

An enzyme may be denatured by exposure to high temperatures.

22
Q

Give two features of a denatured enzyme.

A

They have lost their 3D shape and they are no longer able to catalyse the reaction.

23
Q

Apart from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, there is one other element always present in the building blocks of enzymes. Name the element.

A

Nitrogen