Environmental: Topic Four

Question 1

What is topic four?

Answer 1

Ergonomics - human factors

Question 2

What did Drews and Doig do as their research?

Answer 2

Evaluation of a configural vital signs (CVS) display for intensive care unit nurses

Question 3

What was D and D’s aim?

Answer 3

To develop and evaluate a CVS display that would help nurses in ICU to detect deterioration in a patient by not just giving them numerical data but giving them graphical data that represented trends over time

Question 4

Describe the sample in D and D?

Answer 4

42 nurses with a minimum of one year’s experience of working in ICU. Mean age of 44.6 (25-64) and 69% were female

Question 5

What were the nurses presented with?

Answer 5

Four different patient scenarios

Question 6

What were the four difference scenarios?

Answer 6

Early sepsis, septic shock, pulmonary embolus and stable condition

Question 7

What were they given in order to come to a conclusion about the scenario?

Answer 7

Vital signs information on a 15 inch desktop computer and also given information about the patients medical history and past and present medications

Question 8

How long did the nurses have to complete each scenario?

Answer 8

5 minutes

Question 9

What was the IV in D and D?

Answer 9

How the data was presented

Question 10

Describe the way in which half the participants received the data on the traditional ICU display

Answer 10

Information on patients current state was available in numerical form with trend data being accessible through a single key press

Question 11

Describe the CVS display presented to the other half of the nurses

Answer 11

Thin grey rectangle represented the normal thresholds, solid white rectangle represented the range of the patients heart rate and blood pressure and a CSO (current state object) represented the patients current state (how stable they were and the oxygen saturation in the blood)

Question 12

What was the DV in D and D?

Answer 12

The response time and the accuracy of data interpretation

Question 13

What were the results in terms of response times?

Answer 13

The nurses in the CVS display condition identified the patients state 48% quicker in the septic shock scenario, 38% quicker in the pulmonary embolism condition and were significantly quicker at identifying the stable patient

Question 14

What were the results in terms of accuracy of the assessments?

Answer 14

Were more accurate at diagnosing the septic shock and pulmonary embolism also were significantly more accurate. In addition, nurses reported significantly lower mental demand from the CVS display

Question 15

What did Brown and Poulton look into?

Answer 15

Secondary task performance

Question 16

What were the two areas where P’s could’ve been driving?

Answer 16

Shopping centre or residential area

Question 17

While driving they were played a tape containing number sequences, what did they have to do?

Answer 17

Identify when the sequence had changed

Question 18

What were the results from B and P?

Answer 18

P’s made more errors in the shopping centre than in the residential area as they had to pay more attention to their stimuli of primary task and therefore had less mental capacity left for the secondary task

Question 19

What did Miller look into?

Answer 19

Short term memory and chunking

Question 20

What are the two different parts of memory?

Answer 20

Short term and long term

Question 21

Understanding how memory works might help with what?

Answer 21

With reducing danger of cognitive overload

Question 22

What did Miller suggest in regards to memory?

Answer 22

That we have limits and that the magic number is 7 plus or minus 2

Question 23

What did Miller refer to?

Answer 23

The digit span technique

Question 24

What was Mayo studying in the Hawthorne studies?

Answer 24

How light levels impact productivity at the Western electric company in 1920

Question 25

What did Mayo find?

Answer 25

That levels of productivity increased regardless of the lights being changed

Question 26

What did Mayo believe?

Answer 26

That the mere fact that P’s knew they were being observed increased their productivity and motivation

Question 27

What did Stone look into?

Answer 27

Whether study is affective by setting (open/private), colour (red/white/blue) or type of task (reading/maths)

Question 28

How many students took part in Stone’s study?

Answer 28

144 students divided into 12 conditions

Question 29

What else did the students have to complete as well as the reading or maths task (stone)?

Answer 29

A mood questionnaire

Question 30

Where was the most and least positive mood in the open plan room?

Answer 30

Most - blue

Least - red

Question 31

In the private room, what was the most and least positive mood?

Answer 31

Most - red

Least - blue

Question 32

What showed little effect on mood (stone)?

Answer 32

Privacy