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Flashcards in ENERGY Deck (38)
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1
Q

total available nrg in food

A

gross nrg

2
Q

nrg available to animal after metabolic processes of digest, absorp, excrete

A

net nrg

3
Q

___% as heat, capture rest in ____ bond

A

55-60; high energy phosphate

4
Q

amt nrg required to raise temp of 1g of H2O by 1 degree C

A

calorie

5
Q

amt of nrg expended when 1 kg moved 1m by force of 1 newton

A

joule

6
Q

what is gross nrg in foods?

A

heat of combustion, amt heat released when substance oxidized completely (bomb calorimeter)

7
Q

gross nrg depend on:

A

1) proportion CHO, protein, fat

2) composition of individual CHO, ptn, fat

8
Q

find GE value using ____ analysis

A

proximate

9
Q

GE - fecal energy =

A

Digestible energy

10
Q

nrg that is useful to animal

A

metabolizable energy

11
Q

ME=

A

GE - fecal E - urinary E

12
Q

for humans, ME=?

A

(GE - urinary E) x digestibility coefficients; Atwater fuel values

13
Q

nrg expended to sustain life

A

basal metabolism

14
Q

how to measure BMR?

A

1) direct (hard to do)

2) indirect (resp)

15
Q

2 types of indirect calorimetry?

A

1) closed–>spirometer

2) open–>more precise than closed

16
Q

conditions for measuring BMR

A
  • completely relax
  • recline comfortable position
  • awake
  • thermal neutral
  • post absorptive
  • no heavy physical activity within 12 h
17
Q

factors affect BMR?

A

body size/comp, age, enviro temp, hormonal status, stress, illness/injury, sleep vs awake, previous nutr. history

18
Q

ration of CO2 produced: O2 consumed

A

respiratory quotient

19
Q

physical activity can be measured by…

A

direct and indirect calorimetry

20
Q

nrg expended in PA depend on:

A

1) intensity of activity 2) duration of activity 3) BW of subject

21
Q

Thermic effect of food averages ___% ME intake

A

6-10

22
Q

3 approaches to energy needs?

A

factual, factorial, measured

23
Q

what is factual?

A

find intake that maintains bwt at desired lvl

24
Q

what is factorial

A

add up needs

25
Q

measured?

A

DLW, used for DRIs

26
Q

for each inch above 5 ft, add ___ lbs

A

5

27
Q

average diet nrg predicted maintain nrg balance in healthy adult of defined age, gender, weight, height, and lvl of physical activity consistent with good health

A

estimated energy requirement

28
Q

how is EER calculated?

A

TEE and DLW

29
Q

why shouldn’t use EER for ppl try lose weight??

A

not bell curve

30
Q

sum of basal energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, physical activity, thermoregulation, and nrg expended in depositing new tissues+producing milk

A

totl energy expenditure

31
Q

ways to measure energy intake?

A

food frequency questionnaire, 24 hr recall, food records, food weighing

32
Q

ways to measure energy expenditure?

A

direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry, heart rate monitoring, estimated from activity, DLW

33
Q

used to set previous RDA, calculates TEE using activity info in 24 hr period and nrg cost each activity

A

factorial approach

34
Q

DLW uses these isotopes

A

H218O and 2H2O

35
Q

what are steps in the development of EER equations?

A

1) DLW
2) obtain raw data using DLW
3) define inclusion and exclusion criteria
4) create, clean, document
5) data analysis, descriptive stats
6) create PAL intervals
7) create predictive equations

36
Q

DLW exclusion criteria used for elite groups like:

A

soldiers, astronauts, athletes, ppl with PAL>2.5

37
Q

main strength of BMI?

A

reflect relationship of weight and height

38
Q

main limitation of BMI?

A

not best indicator of body adiposity