Endocrinology

Question 0

What is Sheehan’s syndrome?

Answer 0

Ischemia of the pituitary due to volume depletion during or after childbirth.

Question 1

What two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 1

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)

Question 2

How do glitazones work?

Answer 2

They improve insulin sensitivity.

Question 3

What is the most common pituitary adenoma?

Answer 3

Prolactinoma

Question 4

Diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of which hormone?

Answer 4

Vasopressin

Question 5

What medication might you use prior to thyroidectomy in a patient with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 5

Methimazole are propylthiouracil (PTU).

Question 6

What is included in Whipple’s triad of hypoglycemia?

Answer 6

History of previous hypoglycemia, serum glucose of <40, immediate recovery upon administration of glucose.

Question 7

What is Chvostek’s sign?

Answer 7

Tap on a facial nerve and get a twitch with low Ca.

Question 8

What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 8

Single parathyroid adenoma in 80% of cases.

Question 9

Cushing’s

Answer 9

Incr cortisol: moon face, buffalo hump, HTN, decr K+. osteoporosis
Dz: pit.adenoma->incr ACTH->cort
Adrenal tumor-> cort

Question 10

List two ectopic tumors that may produce ACTH and give a patient Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 10

Small cell lung cancer, pancreatic islet cells, thymomas.

Question 11

What is the test to begin with if you suspect pheochromocytoma?

Answer 11

24 hour urine for catecholamines.

Question 12

Hypoglycemia

Answer 12

< 70
60 symptoms begin
50 mental problems and LOC

Question 13

Name 6 hormones that are released from the anterior pituitary:

Answer 13

ATCH, GH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL

Question 14

What does ACTH do?

Answer 14

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone is released from the anterior pituitary. It stimulates increased production and release of corticosteroids by the adrenal glands

Question 15

What does LH do?

Answer 15

Luteinizing hormone is released from the anterior pituitary. It stimulates ovulation and development of the corpus luteum as well as production of testosterone.

Question 16

What 2 hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 16

The hypothalamus produces these two hormones which are stored and released from the posterior pituitary:
ADA (vasopressin) which increases water absorption in the kidneys and oxytocin which increases uterine contractions

Question 17

Describe Addison’s disease

Answer 17

Primary adrenal insufficiency (cortisol) most frequently autoimmune destruction of the adrenals- hypotension, weakness, fatigability, anorexia, wt. loss, N/V/D, abd. pain, muscle/joint pain
Elevated ACTH (-> hyperpigmentation), potassium, calcium, BUN
Low cortisol, sodium

Question 18

What is the first line medical treatment for a pheochromocytoma?

Answer 18

Alpha blocker. You should never use a pure beta blocker.

Question 19

What medication might you use prior to thyroidectomy in a patient with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 19

Methimazole or propylthiouracil (PTU)

Question 20

What is Cushing disease?

Answer 20

Cushing disease is Cushing syndrome that results from excess pituitary production of ACTH, usually secondary to a pituitary adenoma.