Endocrine system part 2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Endocrine system part 2 Deck (53)
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1
Q

What controls the nuerohypophysis

A

the hypothalamus

2
Q

a trunk of axons containing the cell bodies in the hypothalamus with storage bulbs of the axon in the neurophysis

A

hypothalamic- hypophyseal tract

3
Q

this thin connecting stalk connects the nuerohypohysis to the hypothalamus

A

infundibulum

4
Q

what two hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

A

oxytocin and ADH

5
Q

ADH is important for

A

water conservation and maintaining BP

6
Q

Tropic hormones belong to

A

the anterior pituitary

7
Q

hormones that control funcitons of other endocrine glands

A

tropic hormones

8
Q

somatotropin

A

Growth hormone

9
Q

Growth hormone is released from

A

anterior pituitary

10
Q

true or false: growth hormone encourages growth of only some cells

A

false

11
Q

particularly sensitive are muscle, nerve, and cartilage/bone-forming tissues (such as the epiphyseal plate)

A

growth hormone

12
Q

this hormone encourages protein synthesis and helps use available energy sources. Affects metabolism and can increase sugar levels

A

growth hormone

13
Q

what does hyposecretion of growth hormone cause? what does hypersecretion cause?

A
Hypo= Dwarfism 
Hyper= Gigantisim
14
Q

Mammary glands hormone

A

prolactin

15
Q

activates milk production/ secretion

A

prolactin

16
Q

What controls the release of prolactin ? what stimulates its release ?

A

hypothalamic PIH (Prolactin inhibiting hormone) it can be stimulated by high estrogen levels

17
Q

true or false : Inhibiting PIH while estrogen levels are high increases prolactin output.

A

true

18
Q

hypersecretion of prolactin can cause

A

excess milk production and large breast

19
Q

Although not understood why, this hormone seems to reduce fertility

A

prolactin

20
Q

hormone which causes melanocytes to release more melanin.

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH

21
Q

What are the four tropic hormones

A

Adrenocoritcotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle stimulatinng hormone (FSH), Lutenizing hormone (LH) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

22
Q

release glucocorticoids

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

23
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone is released from

A

adrenal cortex

24
Q

stimulates follicular cells in the ovary to produce estrogen and up-regulates these cells to become more sensitive to LH. It also promotes spermatogenesis in males.

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

25
Q

stimulates the follicle cells to induce ovulation, and converts the exploded follicle into the corpus luteum, a powerful progesterone/estrogen producing tissue.

A

LH

26
Q

Called ICSH in males , stimulates testosterone release

A

LH

27
Q

cells to produce and release thyroxin

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

28
Q

What two hormones does the thyroid produce

A

thyroid hormone and calcitonin

29
Q

`secreted by follicular cells

A

thyroid hormone

30
Q

made from tyrosine and amino acids

A

thyroid hormone

31
Q

how many amino acids make thyroid hormone? what is significant about the number? example T3

A

2 amino acids. the number next to T is the amound of iodine

32
Q

mixture of thyroglobin, iodine and enzyme in follicle is referred to as

A

colloid

33
Q

most obvious effect of TH is

A

stimulating proper metabolism (burning calories stimulates burning fat synthesis)

34
Q

what does hyposecretion of thyroid hormone produce? hypersecretion?

A
hypo= weight gain, low body temp, weakness, cretensim in children, reduced mental function in adults. 
hyper= weight loss, wasting of tissues, graves disease,
35
Q

4 small glands embedded in posterior of thyroid gland

A

parathyroids

36
Q

antagonist of calcitonin

A

parathyroid hormone

37
Q

encourages osteoclast activity in bone cells, also tends to increase production of vitamin D (enhances absorption of Ca++ form the gut)

A

parathyroid hormone

38
Q

work together to raise blood calcium levels

A

parathyroid gland stimulating vitamin D production and absorbing calcium from small intestine

39
Q

true or false: adrenal gland is composed of an outer cortex and inner medulla

A

true

40
Q

what kind of hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete?

A

mostly steroid hormones

41
Q

which specific hormones doe the adreneal cortex secrete

A

aldosterone, cortisol, small amount of androgens

42
Q

what kind of hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete

A

amino acid based hormones

43
Q

what specfic hormones are associated with adrenal medulla

A

epinephrin and norepinephrin

44
Q

short term response to associated with

A

adrenal medulla flight or fight response

45
Q

what happens in the short term response in flight or fight response

A

increase heart rate, blood pressure, metabloism, and dialation of bronchiols

46
Q

3 areas of adrenal cortex

A

zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

47
Q

outermost part of adrenal cortex

A

zona glomrulosa

48
Q

middle part of adrenal cortex, straight column of cells

A

zona fasciculata

49
Q

innner part of adrenal cortex, irregulari bundle of cells closest to medulla

A

zona reticularis

50
Q

clumps of hormone producing cells from pancreas

A

pancreatic islets

51
Q

what do beta cells in islets secrete

A

insulin

52
Q

antagonist of insulin

A

glucagon

53
Q

released by alpha cells of pancreas

A

glucagon