Endocrine Exam 3 Flashcards Preview

4th Semester > Endocrine Exam 3 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Endocrine Exam 3 Deck (25)
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1
Q

What are disorders of the posterior pituitary gland

A

SIADH

DI

2
Q

What is SIADH

A

It is common after surgery

Ectopic secretion of ADH is the most common cause.

3
Q

What is a way that SIADH can be diagnosed

A

Normal adrenal and thyroid function must exist

4
Q

What are signs and symptoms of SIADH

A

Related to enhanced renal water retention
Hyponatremia
Hypoosmolarity

5
Q

What is diabetes insipidus

A

Insufficiency of ADH
polyuria and polydipsia
Partial/ total inability to concentrate the urine

6
Q

What is Cushing disease

A

Excessive anterior pituitary secretion of ACTH

7
Q

What is Cushing syndrome

A

Excessive level of cortisol regardless of cause

8
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located

A

On top of both kidneys

9
Q

What does epinephrine do

A

Stimulates sympathetic system

10
Q

What does norepinephrine do

A

Increases peripheral resistance

11
Q

What do mineralcorticoids do

A

Reabsorbs sodium

Elimination of potassium ( aldosterone)

12
Q

What are glucocorticoids

A

Respond to stress
Decreases inflammation
Alters metabolism of protein and fat ( cortisol)

13
Q

What do glucocorticoids do

A

Raise plasma glucose levels
Decrease the immune response
Decrease taste and smell sensations

14
Q

What does mineralcorticoids do

A

Aldosterone increases ECF which expands blood volume and increases BP, it is regulated by the renin angiotensin system

15
Q

What does the adrenal medulla do

A

Produces and secretes catecholamines such as dopamine and norepinephrine and epinephrine and opioid peptides. It raises plasma glucose, promotes lipolysis, increase alertness and accelerate metabolism

16
Q

What does ACTH stimulate

A

The adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

17
Q

What may be administered to assist the adrenal to recover and to supplement decreased stores

A

Steroids

18
Q

What is diabetes insipidus

A

DI results from deficiency of ADH, which is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Decreased ADH reduces the ability of the distal renal tubules in the kidneys to collect and concentrate urine, resulting in excessive diluted urine, polyuria, electrolyte imbalances, and polydipsia.

19
Q

What is primary DI

A

Lack of ADH production or release, caused by defects in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland

20
Q

What is secondary DI

A

A lack of ADH production or release, caused by infection, tumors, in or near the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, head trauma or brain surgery.

21
Q

What is neurogenic DI

A

Inherited

Renal tubules do not react to ADH

22
Q

What is drug induced DI

A

Lithium carbonate or demeclocyline can alter the way the kidneys respond to ADH

23
Q

What are expected findings of DI

A

Polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia
Fatigue, dehydration as evidenced by extreme thirst,
Weight loss, muscle weakness, headaches, constipation, dizziness

24
Q

What are physical,assessment findings of DI

A
Sunken eyes 
Tachycardia
Hypotension 
Loss of skin turgor 
Dry mucous membranes, weak peripheral pulses
Decreased cognition
25
Q

What electrolyte imbalances occurs with DI

A

Hypernatremia