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GCSE Chemistry 2.1 Structure and Bonding > End Of Unit Questions > Flashcards

Flashcards in End Of Unit Questions Deck (13)
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1
Q

Which electrons in an atom are involved in bonding?

A

Electrons in the highest occupied energy level

2
Q

What happens to the electrons in atoms when ionic bonds are formed?

A

They are transferred or metal atoms lose electrons and non metal atoms gain electrons

3
Q

What happens to the electrons in atoms when covalent bonds are formed?

A

They are shared, for each pair of covalent bonds one pair of electrons is shared

4
Q

Why do the elements in group 1 form ions with a single positive charge?

A

They lose their one outer electron

5
Q

Why do the elements in group 7 form ions with a single negative charge?

A

They gain one electron to their outer shell

6
Q

Which of the following substances are made of molecules?

KCl, H2O, C2H6, MgO, CO2, NaNO3

A

H2O, C2H6, CO2

7
Q

Why can the structure of a metallic element like copper be represented by lots of small spheres the same size packed together?

A

The atoms in copper are all the same size and are spherical

8
Q

Write the correct formula for each of the following: lithium chloride, sodium oxide, calcium fluoride, magnesium hydroxide, sodium sulfate, calcium nitrate.

A
  • LiCl
  • Na2O
  • CaF2
  • Mg(OH)2
  • NaSO4
  • Ca(NO3)2
9
Q

Why do ionic compounds have giant structures?

A

The attractive forces between oppositely charged ions act in all directions, so the ions pack closely together in a regular arrangement (lattice) ions are very small so crystal contains many ions

10
Q

Draw diagrams using symbols and lines to show the covalent bonds in F2, O2, HBr, H2O, NH3

A
•F-F
•O=O
•H-Br
•H-O-H
•H
  |
 N-H 
  |
 H
11
Q

Explain why silicon has a giant structure

A

Silicon atoms in group 4 form 4 covalent bonds, each silicon atom can join to 4 others, the bonds are strong, this continues so that a giant structure is formed

12
Q

Explain how the atoms in a piece of sodium metal are held together

A

The outer electrons delocalise leaving a lattice of positive ions, the delocalised electrons attract the positive ions, the electrostatic forces are strong and these hold the ions in position

13
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made of two or more elements that have reacted together or that are chemically bonded together