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Flashcards in EMT Pharmacology Deck (10)
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1
Q

Epinephrine

A
  • anaphylaxis: difficulty breathing, rapid/weak pulse, hives, rapid decrease in bp
  • Mechanism of action: peripheral vasoconstriction, increase HR and BP
  • indications: anaphylaxis, rapid weak pulse, hives, difficulty breathing
  • contraindications: expired, hypersensitivity
  • complications: clothes in the way
  • side effects: tachycardia, hypertension, restless, anxious
  • interactions: dilates bronchioles and vasoconstriction = increase HR and ability to breathe
  • route and dose: intramuscularly mid-thigh 90 degree angle, 1-auto injector (0.3 adults, 0.15 kids)
2
Q

Narcotic/opioid overdose

A

S/S:

  • ALOC
  • pinpoint pupils
  • depressed breathing/respiratory arrest
  • cool, clammy, cyanosis
  • frequent vomiting
  • unresponsive/extreme sleepiness

Treat:
- Naloxone (Narcan) 1mg/nostril

3
Q

Naloxone (Narcan)

A
  • Indication: suspected opioid overdose - reverse the effects of narcotic OD - (depressed breathing, pinpoint pupils, decreased LOC, cool, clammy, cyanosis, vomiting)
  • Contraindication: allergic, expired, extreme sensitivity, no medical direction
  • Complication: deviated septum
  • Side effects: combative, severe withdrawal, vomiting
  • Interaction: kicks opioids off brain receptors, temporarily replacing them
  • dose/route: 1ml per nasal, intranasally
4
Q

Oral Glucose

A
  • indications: hypoglycemia (<80 BG, cool, clammy, pale, ALOC,
  • contraindications: decreasing LOC, inability to swallow, expires, lack of medical direction
  • complications: lose consciousness, choke
  • side effects: nausea and vomiting
  • dose and route: 1/2 - 1 tube, orally
  • 5 rights (patient, medication, dose, route, time, document!)
5
Q

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

A
  • indications: chest pain
  • contraindications: allergic, decreasing LOC, recent bleeding, recent alcohol consumption
  • complications: choke, can’t swallow
  • side effects: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic Rxn, Reye’s syndrome in pediatrics
  • route and dose: 160-325 mg, orally (pills)
  • mechanism of action: blood thinner, anti-inflammatory, fever reduction
6
Q

Oxygen

A
  • indications: suspected hypoxia
  • contraindications: unsafe environment
  • complications: unstable airway
  • side effects: COPD patients could get rare respiratory depression —> don’t give to stroke patients higher than 94% because O2 is a slight vasoconstrictor which could make the brain bleed worse
  • dose/route:
    - 1-6 L/min (nasal cannula)
    - 10-15 L/min (non-rebreather or BVM)
    - inhaled
7
Q

Nitroglycerin

A
  • indications: chest pain, suspected or history of angina or myocardial infarction
  • contraindications: hypotension (low BP), head injury, not prescribed, expired, no medical direction
  • complications: unconscious
  • side effects: tachycardia, hypotension, headache, burning under tongue, nausea, vomiting
  • dose/route: 0.4 mg spray/tablet, sublingual (under tongue)
  • mechanism of action: vasodilation, decreased myocardial O2 demand, increase myocardial O2 supply (lower BP, easier blood flow)
8
Q

Activated charcoal

A
  • indications: invested poison
  • contraindications: decrease LOC, inability to swallow, ingestion if acids/alkalis/hydrocarbons, pediatric patient, expired, lack of medical direction
  • complications: takes up to an hour to kick in, shake bottle (b/c settling), suction ready, temporary relief
  • side effects: nausea, vomiting, dark/tarry still, black around mouth
  • dose/route: adult 1g per 1kg body weight, orally (drink)
  • mechanism of action: binds to drugs/chemicals/poison to prevent GI absorption
9
Q

Albuterol

A

Bronchodilator used to relive signs and symptoms of asthma

10
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Psychoactive drug used for: anxiety, seizures, spasm

Overdose can cause hypersomnolence (excessive sleepiness), slurred speech, ataxia, and altered mental status