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Flashcards in Emergency 1st Responder Book Deck (185)
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0
Q

Insert the NPA into the

A

Right nostril 1st
Water soluble lubricant
KY Jelly is good

1
Q

The recovery position

A

Patient laying on left side

2
Q

What lubricant should you never use when inserting a OPA

A

Vaseline

Any petroleum based lubricant

3
Q

What is Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

4
Q

As a patient gets closer to respiratory failure pulse and even respiratory rates

A

Will drop as the patient exhibits increased fatigue and hypoxia. Bluish skin color

5
Q

Which method is the most effective way to insure your mouth to mask breaths are reaching the trachea

A

Chest rise and fall

6
Q

The tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach is the

A

Esophagus

7
Q

The flap of tissue that protects the entrance to the trachea is the

A

Epiglottis

8
Q

The tube through which air passes from the nose and mouth into the lungs (windpipe) is called the

A

Trachea

9
Q

The tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood are

A

Alveoli

10
Q

When the diaphragm moves down, creating negative pressure ( a vacuum) inside the chest, air moves into the lungs. This process is known as

A

Inspiration/Inhalation

11
Q

Normally the respiratory rate increases when there is not enough ____
In the blood or when there is too much _______ in the blood

A

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

12
Q

When the muscles of an unresponsive person relax, this often causes the airway to be obstructed by the

A

Tongue

13
Q

The best way to open the airway of an uninjured, unresponsive person is the

A

Head tilt/chin lift

14
Q

A simple device placed in the mouth of an unresponsive patient without a gag reflex in order to help keep their tongue from obstructing the airway is the

A

OPA

15
Q

A patient who is responsive but who requires an adjunct to maintain his airway should have what adjunct placed

A

Nasopharyngeal

16
Q

Upper airway obstruction is indicated by

A

Stridor

17
Q

The medical term for difficulty breathing is

A

Dyspnea

18
Q

What would indicate that a patient is not breathing at all

A

Apneic

19
Q

The most effective oxygen delivery device is the

A

Bag valve mask

20
Q

A person who is choking but is ABLE to speak or cough has an

A

Partial/Incomplete airway obstruction

21
Q

A conscious patient who is choking and CANNOT speak requires the use of

A

Abdominal thrusts to remove the obstruction

22
Q

When performing rescue breathing for an infant or small child, what should the first responder do to make sure that the neck is not hyperflexed because of the large size of the head, since hyper-flexing will close off the airway

A

Place a folded towel under the shoulders

23
Q

An emergency first responder may be asked to assist other EMS providers with more advanced airway adjuncts. Once such device can be inserted blindly only in unresponsive patients who are over 16 years old. This is call an

A

Dual Lumen Airway Device

24
Q

What does DOTS stand for

A

Deformities
Open wounds
Tenderness
Swelling

25
Q

What does SAMPLE stand for

A
Signs
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events leading up to symptoms
26
Q

A non critical patient should be reassessed every ______ minutes. A critical patient should be reassessed every _____ minutes

A

15 minutes

5 minutes

27
Q

In an adult the normal rate of breathing is

A

12-20 times per minute

28
Q

In an adult the normal pulse rate is

A

60-100 times per minute

29
Q

The radial pulse is found at

A

The wrist

30
Q

The patient who is not breathing should receive oxygen via the

A

BVM

31
Q

What would be a sign of shock

A

Dry, pale mucous membranes

32
Q

The prices of sorting patients into categories is called

A

Triage

33
Q

Vital signs contain

A

Pulse
Respirations
Blood pressure

34
Q

The upper 2 chambers of the heart are called the

A

Atria

35
Q

The lower 2 chambers of the heart are called the

A

Ventricles

36
Q

The tiny blood vessels in the body tissues and around the air sacs in the lungs are called

A

Capillaries

37
Q

The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called____. The blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called_____.

A

Arteries

Veins

38
Q

No breathing and no pulse the patient is in

A

Cardiac arrest

39
Q

The organ that is most sensitive to a lack of oxygen, which may suffer irreversible cell death after 8 minutes of apnea, is the

A

Brain

40
Q

The sequence of events in the chain of survival is

A

Early recognition
Early CPR
Early defibrillator
Early ALS

41
Q

What will actually increase the amount of air delivered to the esophagus when using a bag valve mask

A

Squeezing to quickly and forcefully

42
Q

When a AED advises “no shock indicated” the first responder should check the patients

A

Pulse

43
Q

Often cardiac arrest patients will exhibit reflexive, ineffective, gasping attempts to breathe. These are called ______ respirations and just not be mistaken for effective breathing

A

Agonal

44
Q

When checking the circulation of an unresponsive adult patient, the first responder should check which pulse

A

Carotid

45
Q

In an unresponsive infant, the first responder should check the pulse located at which location

A

On the inside of the upper arm

46
Q

You witness someone collapse on the floor right in front of you. What is your first move

A

Make sure someone is calling 911

47
Q

The landmark for chest compressions for all ages is the

A

Nipple line

48
Q

Looking for signs of circulation include

A

Pulse
Normal breathing
Coughing
Movement

49
Q

You are a line rescuer who arrives at the scene with an AED. A 45 tear old man is in cardiac arrest. Bystanders relay that he collapsed 4 or 5 minutes earlier with no bystander CPR. Your first move is

A

Open his airway

50
Q

An unresponsive medical patient should be placed in the

A

Recovery position

51
Q

List 3 findings evaluated in the Cincinnati Stroke Scale

A

Facial droop
Speech
Palmer Drift

52
Q

A true emergency caused by fluid accumulation in the lungs resulting in severe Dyspnea and noisy, wet respirations is

A

Pulmonary Edema (CHF)

53
Q

Diabetics may experience hypoglycemia by

A

Taking too much insulin

54
Q

Indication of a possible stroke

A

Inability to speak

55
Q

What is appropriate when caring for a seizure patient

A

Move objects away from the patient

56
Q

What is appropriate care for a patient with chest pains

A

Administer oxygen
Obtain a history
Call ALS

57
Q

What is the most important consideration for the patient with an altered mental status

A

Airway management

58
Q

What is a common sign or symptom of a myocardial infarction

A

Pain that radiates down the arm

59
Q

The medical term for bleeding is

A

Hemorrhage

60
Q

Uncontrolled bleeding may lead to

A

Shock

61
Q

List in order of use the 4 methods to control bleeding

A

1) Direct pressure
2) Pressure bandages
3) Elevation
4) Arterial pressure points

62
Q

When a dressing over a bleeding wound becomes saturated with blood, the first responder should

A

Apply more dressing over the existing dressing. Do not remove the existing dressing

63
Q

The 6 signs or symptoms of shock

A
Rapid pulse
Rapid breathing
Pale, cool, sweaty skin
Altered mental status
Thirst 
Obvious bleeding
64
Q

Am early indication of shock is

A

Altered mental status

65
Q

What is appropriate burn care (NY state)

A

Cover with dry, sterile dressing

66
Q

What is avulsion

A

The skin or an organ such as an ear is completely torn away from the body or may be left hanging from a flap

67
Q

What is contusion

A

A discoloration of wound to the skin as a result of blood collecting under the skin when the skin is not broken but small blood vessels beneath it are crushed

68
Q

When somebody gets electrocuted your primary concern should be

A

The patients heart may have stopped

69
Q

The disruption of a joint such that the bone ends are no longer in contact with each other

A

Dislocation

70
Q

The movable part of your jaw is called the

A

Mandible

71
Q

What composes the shoulder

A

Scapula
Clavicle
Humerus

72
Q

Once you manually stabilize the head and neck of a trauma patient this manual stabilization must be maintained until

A

The patient is completely secured to the long backboard

73
Q

An injury to the spinal chord at the level of the cervical spine may paralyze the diaphragm, impairing the patients ability to

A

Breathe

74
Q

Your assault patient has what you believe is a basal skull fracture, judging from the bloody fluid draining from his ears. The most appropriate management would include

A

Applying a C collar and delivering oxygen

75
Q

The lower portion of the sternum which could cause damage to the liver if compressed during CPR is called the

A

Xiphoid Process

76
Q

The 2 bones of the forearm are called

A

Radius

Ulna

77
Q

The large strong bone of the thigh is called the

A

Femur

78
Q

What bones when fractured can lead to massive internal bleeding, shock and even death

A

Femur

Pelvis

79
Q

The fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone is

A

Ligament

80
Q

The grinding, grating sound that may be noted when there is movement of a broken bone is called

A

Crepitus

81
Q

When should the emergency first responder attempt to straighten out an injured extremity that is abnormally angled or bent

A

Never

82
Q

The best way to stabilize a musculoskeletal injury of an extremity is to

A

Manually stabilize with the hands

83
Q

A traction splint is a special kind of splint that is only used for certain injuries of the

A

Thigh

84
Q

You are treating a crash victim who has an apparent open fracture of the L tibia. What is appropriate care

A

Cover with a sterile dressing and control bleeding

85
Q

A life threatening condition in which a fertilized egg, implanted outside of the uterus, ruptures, resulting in severe abdominal pain and massive bleeding is called

A

Ectopic pregnancy

86
Q

The opening into the birth canal that dilates to allow for passage of the fetus is called the

A

Cervix

87
Q

When a baby’s head can be seen in the opening of the vagina, either with contractions or constantly, this is called

A

Crowing

88
Q

A breach birth is when the baby’s

A

Feet or buttocks emerges from the vagina first

89
Q

Describe the appropriate positioning of the mother in preparation for delivery

A

The mother should be on her back with her head and shoulders supported by pillows or significant other; her knees should be bent and her feet apart. There should be a folded towel or blanket under the buttocks

90
Q

As the baby’s head begins to emerge from the vagina, the emergency first responder must control the emergence of the head by

A

Placing a gloved hand over the baby’s head and applying gentle pressure to allow the head to emerge slowly

91
Q

After the baby’s head is delivered, the emergency first responder should clear the baby’s airway by

A

Build syringe
1st the mouth
2nd the nostrils

92
Q

Before the umbilical chord is clapped or tied, the baby should remain at the level of the

A

Vagina

93
Q

The umbilical chord may be clamped or cut after it

A

Stops pulsating

94
Q

The newborn should be dried and wrapped in a blanket or towel because they

A

Lose heat very fast. When properly wrapped in a blanket the only part of the baby that should be exposed is the face

95
Q

The loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks of pregnancy is called a miscarriage or an

A

Spontaneous abortion

96
Q

List 3 special considerations in assisting with delivery of multiple births

A

Babies are smaller
May be born earlier
Delivery may take more rapidly
Babies are more prone to heat loss

97
Q

You are on scene of an imminent delivery when you see the umbilical chord protruding out of the vagina ahead of the baby. Your best course of action is

A

Place mother in the Knee-Chest position

98
Q

If the baby is born with the amniotic sac intact, you must

A

Tear it away

99
Q

If a newborn baby is not breathing or is only making weak efforts to breathe or cry, what is the first thing we should do

A

Stimulate the baby by rubbing his back

100
Q

CPR is indicated for a newborn when the pulse rate is

A

Less than 60 per minute

101
Q

In what location should the pulse of a newborn be checked

A

Inside the upper arm

102
Q

What would be cause for alarm in a newborn baby

A

Body, face and extremities are ALL blue

103
Q

In NYC a DNR that is expired is

A

Still valid

104
Q

In NYS a DNR

A

Can’t be expired

Must have doctors signature

105
Q

Trachea divides the

A

Upper and lower respiratory tract

106
Q

Pallor means

A

Pale

107
Q

Change the oxygen cylinder at

A

200 PSI

108
Q

Pressure needed for suctioning device

A

300 MGM

Set it at 350

109
Q

How long do you suction for

A

15 seconds

110
Q

NPA facts

A

Measure for middle of nose to tip of ear
Width of pinky finger
Water base lubricant only
Right nostril insertion

111
Q

Postdictal means

A

Appears sleepy

112
Q

OPA is measured

A

Corner of mouth to tip of the ear

113
Q

Nasal cannula set at

A

2-6 LPM

114
Q

In NYC a DNR that is expired is

A

Still valid

115
Q

In NYS a DNR

A

Can’t be expired

Must have doctors signature

116
Q

Trachea divides the

A

Upper and lower respiratory tract

117
Q

Pallor means

A

Pale

118
Q

Change the oxygen cylinder at

A

200 PSI

119
Q

Pressure needed for suctioning device

A

300 MGM

Set it at 350

120
Q

How long do you suction for

A

15 seconds

121
Q

NPA facts

A

Measure for middle of nose to tip of ear
Width of pinky finger
Water base lubricant only
Right nostril insertion

122
Q

Postdictal means

A

Appears sleepy

123
Q

OPA is measured

A

Corner of mouth to tip of the ear

124
Q

Nasal cannula set at

A

2-6 LPM

125
Q

A life threatening condition in which a fertilized egg, implanted outside of the uterus, ruptures, resulting in severe abdominal pain and massive bleeding is called

A

Ectopic pregnancy

126
Q

The opening into the birth canal that dilates to allow for passage of the fetus is called the

A

Cervix

127
Q

When a baby’s head can be seen in the opening of the vagina, either with contractions or constantly, this is called

A

Crowing

128
Q

A breach birth is when the baby’s

A

Feet or buttocks emerges from the vagina first

129
Q

Describe the appropriate positioning of the mother in preparation for delivery

A

The mother should be on her back with her head and shoulders supported by pillows or significant other; her knees should be bent and her feet apart. There should be a folded towel or blanket under the buttocks

130
Q

As the baby’s head begins to emerge from the vagina, the emergency first responder must control the emergence of the head by

A

Placing a gloved hand over the baby’s head and applying gentle pressure to allow the head to emerge slowly

131
Q

After the baby’s head is delivered, the emergency first responder should clear the baby’s airway by

A

Build syringe
1st the mouth
2nd the nostrils

132
Q

Before the umbilical chord is clapped or tied, the baby should remain at the level of the

A

Vagina

133
Q

The umbilical chord may be clamped or cut after it

A

Stops pulsating

134
Q

The newborn should be dried and wrapped in a blanket or towel because they

A

Lose heat very fast. When properly wrapped in a blanket the only part of the baby that should be exposed is the face

135
Q

The loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks of pregnancy is called a miscarriage or an

A

Spontaneous abortion

136
Q

List 3 special considerations in assisting with delivery of multiple births

A

Babies are smaller
May be born earlier
Delivery may take more rapidly
Babies are more prone to heat loss

137
Q

You are on scene of an imminent delivery when you see the umbilical chord protruding out of the vagina ahead of the baby. Your best course of action is

A

Place mother in the Knee-Chest position

138
Q

If the baby is born with the amniotic sac intact, you must

A

Tear it away

139
Q

If a newborn baby is not breathing or is only making weak efforts to breathe or cry, what is the first thing we should do

A

Stimulate the baby by rubbing his back

140
Q

CPR is indicated for a newborn when the pulse rate is

A

Less than 60 per minute

141
Q

In what location should the pulse of a newborn be checked

A

Inside the upper arm

142
Q

What would be cause for alarm in a newborn baby

A

Body, face and extremities are ALL blue

143
Q

Decompensated shock

A

Any adult having a systolic blood pressure below

90 mm Hg

144
Q

Contractions begin in the

A

Uterus

Muscular organ where fetus grows

145
Q

Placenta is the

A

Afterbirth

Provides nourishment to the fetus

146
Q

Amniotic sac

A

Bag of water

Offers protection to the fetus

147
Q

Vagina/cervix

A

Lower portion of the birth canal

Where the newborn will deliver

148
Q

Pregnant female should be laid on her

A

Left side

149
Q

Spotting during pregnancy may be

A

Normal

150
Q

Mucal discharge with a small amount of bleeding may mean

A

Delivery Is imminent

151
Q

Hypertension during pregnancy

A

Keep mother calm
Dim light
No Loud noises

152
Q

Supine hypertensive syndrome

A

Left lateral recumbent position

If immobilization nec. Prop up long board

153
Q

Braxton hicks/false pregnancy

A

Contractions felt

Delivery may not be imminent

154
Q

Bloody show

A

Cervix begins to dilate

Mucous plug is discharged

155
Q

Sign of labor

A

Ruptured amniotic sac

Contractions at regular intervals and at closer intervals

156
Q

1st stage of labor

A

Begins with 1st contraction
Continues until fetus enters the birth canal
Contractions intensify

157
Q

2nd stage of labor

A

Cervix fully dilated
Bulging occurs
Crowning occurs
Ends with delivery of baby

158
Q

3rd stage of labor

A

Begins when baby is born

Ends with delivery of placenta (may take 30 minutes)

159
Q

Preparing for delivery

A

Elevate the buttocks

160
Q

As soon as the baby’s head comes out check for the

A

Umbilical chord making sure it is not around the baby’s neck

161
Q

Bulb syringe is inserted into a baby

A

1-1 1/2 inches
In NYS only suction airway if baby does not spontaneously breath
In NYC following delivery of the head suction

162
Q

NYS protocol

A

1st clamp 8-10 inches away from baby

2nd clamp 3 inches from 1st clamp

163
Q

NYC clamping of chord

A

1st clamp 8-10 away from baby

2nd clamp is approx 4 inches from baby

164
Q

Spontaneous breaths should take place in

A

30 seconds
Normal vital signs > 100 min
Respirators > 30 min

165
Q

Ventilation of a newborn at least

A

40-60 min

166
Q

Heartbeat < 60 per minute in newborn

A

Start CPR

167
Q

Prolapsed chord

A

Umbilical chord comes out 1st

168
Q

300-500 ml of blood

A

Normal following delivery

169
Q

To gain the trust of a pediatric patient you should be

A

At the children’s level

170
Q

To minimize patient anxiety when assessing a pediatric patient who does not have an immediate life threatening problem the 1st responder
Should start at the patients

A

Feet first instead of the head

171
Q

Often the on,y indiscriminate of illness or injury is a decrease or change in the infants

A

Mental status or loss of consciousness

172
Q

What is the injury as a result of shaken baby syndrome

A

Brain injuries

173
Q

What is the leading cause of death in children

A

Trauma

174
Q

A child who is restrained only by a slap belt in a motor vehicle crash is most likely to have

A

Abdominal injuries

175
Q

In caring for an ill or injured child what is your highest priority

A

Managing airway and ventilation

176
Q

Children lose body heat

A

More rapidly than adults

177
Q

What is the appropriate action for stating a proper airway in a child

A

Placement of a folded towel under their shoulders

178
Q

The pulse rate for a child is

A

Faster than an adult

179
Q

What should be done for an INFANT with a complete airway obstruction

A

Back blows and chest thrusts

180
Q

When should the first responder perform a finger sweep on an INFANT with an obstructed airway

A

Only if the object can be seen in the mouth

181
Q

What can you do for a CHILD with a complete airway obstruction

A

Abdominal thrusts

182
Q

The most common cause for seizures in children is

A

Fever

183
Q

SIDS occurs in what age groups

A

0-1 years old

184
Q

A certain age group of children will make up “magical” explanations for things they don’t understand. What age group is this

A

3-6 years old

Preschoolers