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Med Surg 2 > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of hypocal

A

parathyroid
low vit D
Hyper phos

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2
Q

Treatment for hypocal

A

correct hypomag first

IV cal, cal gluconate, cal chloride

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3
Q

What is a con with hypo cal and pancreatic pats

A

they might have low cal bec of cal crystals forming and depositing in the retroperitoneum

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4
Q

Normal cal lev

A

8.5-10.2

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5
Q

Treatment for hypercal

A

Cinacalcet (Sensipar)

removal of PTH bec of hyperparathyroidism

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6
Q

Causes of hypercal

A

cancer

calcium and vitamin D supplements.

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7
Q

What level of hypokal is life threatening

A

less than 2.5

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8
Q

Hypokal mani’s

A

paresthesias
ST depression
decreased DTR’s and GI motility
muscle wkness and cramps

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9
Q

When should we use EKG’s with hypokal

A

less than 2.5

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10
Q

Hyperkal mani’s

A

mus wkness and fatigue
parasthesias
N/V
heart probs

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11
Q

How much IV pot can be given at one time

A

20mEqs

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12
Q

How should pot be given through IV

A

slow and preferably through central line

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13
Q

Treatment for hyperkal

A 
IV calcium 
insulin
sodium bicarbonate albuterol
diuretics 
Patiromer
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14
Q

What type of pat might you see more often taking Patiromer for hyperkal

A

a dialysis pat that continually has hyperkal between dialysis

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15
Q

normal mag range

A

1.5 – 2.5

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16
Q

Foods with high mag

A

Whole wheat
Spinach
black beans
avocados.

17
Q

causes of hypomag

A

Inadequate dietary intake, diarrhea
celiac disease
hungry bone syndrome diabetes.

18
Q

mani’s of hypomag

A 
Abnormal eye movements (nystagmus)
Torsades de pointe
convulsions
fatigue
muscle spasms or cramps, weakness
19
Q

treatment for hypomag

A

mag orally

IV for severe

20
Q

Mani’s of hypermag

A

same as hypomag

21
Q

Treatment for hypermag

A

IV calcium

diuretics

22
Q

treatment for hyponatremia

A

Slow IV

or 3% saline in the ICU

23
Q

Treatment for hypernatremia

A

oral water

IV 5% dextrose or 0.45% NS

24
Q

Phosphate normal range

A

2.5-4.5

25
Q

What foods have high phosphorus

A 
meats
poultry 
kfish 
nutss 
beans 
dairy
26
Q

Causes of hypophos

A

alc
burns
diuretic use
starvation

27
Q

Mani’s of hypophos

A 
CNS changes
bone wkness and pain
WG or W loss
irregular breathing 
mus wk
28
Q

hypophos treatment

A

orally

IV when below 1mg/dL or severe symps

29
Q

Mani’s of hyperphos

A

Mus wk to tetany
perioral numbness
bone pain
pruritis and rash

30
Q

Causes of hyperphos

A

Low parathyroid hormone levels (hypoparathyroidism) high vitamin D levels
diabetic ketoacidosis
severe muscle damage
sepsis

31
Q

treatment for hyperphos

A

uncontrolled diabetes
hypoparathy
kid dis
phosphate binders

Med Surg 2 (13 decks)

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