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Cultural Anthropology > Economy > Flashcards

Economy Flashcards

1
Q

Focuses of economics

A
  • production
  • distribution
  • consumption
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2
Q

Economics

A

The study of how reseoruces are produced, distributed, and consumed

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3
Q

Anthropological approaches to study of ecomics

A
  • Substantive Approach
  • Formalist approach
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4
Q

Sustantivist approach

A

Economic anthropologist that believe the classical, western approach to economic principles cannot be applied to nonindustrialized cultures

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5
Q

Formalists

A

Economic anthropologists that suggest the ideas of western econmics can be applied to any economic situation

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6
Q

Economic dimensions

A
  • Regulation of resources : how land, waster and natural resources are controlled and allocated
  • Production: How material resources are converted into usable commodities
  • Exchange: how commodities are distributed among people of the society
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7
Q

Allocation of natural resources by H&G

A
  • In most H&G socieites, land is not owned in Western sense
  • Often have flexible borders (adaptive)
  • General rules:
  • Flexible boundaries if prey mobile and food or water supplies unpredictable
  • more permanent settlements and more control over land if resouces are plentiful and predictable
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8
Q

Economics for Pastorlists

A
  • Two vital resources required: water and pasturage
  • some form of agreement or contract must be arranged with others to use same land
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9
Q

Economics of Horticulturalists

A
  • Tend to live on communally controlled land
  • usually controlled by extended family
  • individual rights are limited
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10
Q

Economics for the Matai

A

Elected familiy member who holds title to land on behalf of the entire group

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11
Q

leveling mechanisms

A

A societal obligation compelling a family to distribute goods so that no one accumulates more wealth than anyone else

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12
Q

Production

A

A process whereby goods are obtained from the natural enviornment and altered to become consumable goods

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13
Q

unites of porudtion

A

Every society breaks up its mmember into some tyep of productive unit comprising people with specific tasks to perfom

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14
Q

Household in non-industrialized societies

A

the basic unit of production is the household

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15
Q

Household

A

A basic residential unit in which ecnomic production consumption, inheriteane, childrearing, and shelter ar organized and carried out

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16
Q

Division of labor

A
  • Sex or gender
  • age
  • labor specialization
17
Q

Gender

A

Way members o the two sexes are percieved, evaluated and expected to behave

18
Q

Organic solidarity

A

a type of social integratio based on mutual interdependence; found in societies with a relatively elaborate division of labor

19
Q

Mechanical solidarity

A

a type of social intergration based on mutuality of interestes found in societies with little division of labor

20
Q

Distribution of goods and services

A
  • Reciprocity
  • Redistribution
  • Market exchange
21
Q

Reciprocity

A

a mode of distribution characterized by the exchange of goods and servies that have approximately equal value among parties

22
Q

Three kinds of reciprocity

A
  • General
  • Balanced
  • negative
23
Q

General Reciprocity

A

The practice of giving a gift with an expected return, but neither the value of the gift nor the time of repyament are specified

24
Q

Balanced reciprocity

A

The practice of giving with the expectation that a similar gift will given in the opposite direction either immediately or after a limited period of time

25
Q

Function of Kula Ring

A
  • Effective system for the exchange of trade items
  • Maintains coridal relationships between trading partners
  • Creates and maintaines long-term social relationships
26
Q

Negative reciprocity

A

A form of economic exchange between individuals who try to take advantage of each other

27
Q

Redistribution

A

A form of ecomic exchange in which goods ( and services) are recieved and then distributed back to the donors

28
Q

Leveling mechanisim

A

A social obligation compelling a family to distribute goods so that no one accumulates more wealth than anyone else

29
Q

Forms of redistribution

A
  • Simplist form giving agricutlural surplus to family elder who reallocates by need
  • tribute
  • big men/ feast givers
  • Bridewealth
  • potlatch
  • charities
  • taxation
30
Q

conspicuous consumption

A

Display of wealth for social prestige

31
Q

Market exchange

A

A form of distribution where goods and services are bought and sold an their value is determined by the principle of supply and demand

32
Q

Characteristics of market exchange

A
  • Tends to be less personal than reciprocity and redistribution
  • predominately economic in nature
  • more likely in sedentary societies which produce large surpluses and have a complex division of labor
33
Q
A

Cultural Anthropology (12 decks)

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