Ecology

Question 1

Negative, Negative interactions

Answer 1

competition

Question 2

Negative, Positive interaction

Answer 2

predation

Question 3

positive, positive interactions

Answer 3

mutualism

Question 4

Neural mechanisms

Answer 4

physiological signaling mechanisms rapid/brief

Question 5

Hormonal mechanisms

Answer 5

signals secreted into blood stream, slower/long term

Question 6

Signals

Answer 6

influence predator/prey relationships, help organisms locate food sources/ideal habitats/potential mates

Question 7

competition among species

Answer 7

Interspecific: may be important in determining diversity of species in an area (barnacles)

Question 8

competition within a species

Answer 8

Intraspecific: intense because all members of species have the same needs

Question 9

Niche

Answer 9

Set of environmental conditions/factors that allow populations of organisms to remain viable

Question 10

Fundamental niche

Answer 10

Established by physical (abiotic) conditions: environment etc. Larger than realized niche

Question 11

Realized Niche

Answer 11

Established by biotic/abiotic conditions: ability to survive because of certain characteristics

Question 12

coevolution

Answer 12

the influence of closely related species on each other during evolution

Question 13

commensalism

Answer 13

One organism benefits and the other remains neutral

Question 14

mutualism

Answer 14

Each individual benefits
Obligate (must have: clownfish/sea anenome)
Facultative (take it/leave it: Acacia ants + acacia trees)

Question 15

Symbiosis

Answer 15

living together

Question 16

Trophic cascades

Answer 16

energy flows through trophic cascades: primary producers –> multiple levels of consumers

Question 17

Bioamplification

Answer 17

Happens due to pollution, increase in substance as move up food chain