E2 Genus Staph & Strep

Question 1

What do Staphylococcus look like?

Answer 1

Buch of grapes

Question 2

How is Staph differentiated from Strep?

Answer 2

Catalase +

otherwise they look similar

Question 3

What is are some clinical hallmarks of Staph infection?

Answer 3

Pimple or boil = abscess

Mastitis in cows

Question 4

What special syndrome can be cause by a Staph infection?

Answer 4

Toxic Shock

Question 5

What are the coagulase & B-hemolysis of S. aureus?

Answer 5

Coag = +
B-Hemo = +

Question 6

Are Staph commensals and only opportunistic pathogens?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What is special about some colonies of Staph?

Answer 7

Live in biofilms

Question 8

What factors of Staph are most important for pathogenesis?

Answer 8

1. Protein A = avoids phagocytosis

2. Survives intracellularly in phagocytes

Question 9

What are some soluble virulence factors?

Answer 9

Leukocidin
Catalase
Coagulase
DNase

Question 10

What is Toxic Shock Syndrome?

Answer 10

Superantigen activation

Question 11

Is antibiotic resistance a major problem in Staph?

Answer 11

Yes!
Methicillin Resistance
Use Vancomycin!

Question 12

What is positive about food animals harboring drug resistant Staph?

Answer 12

Isolates are host-adapted!

Question 13

What is Staphylococcus hyicus?

Answer 13

Greasy Pig Disease

Esp. piglets

Question 14

What is Staphylococcus pseudintermedius?

Answer 14

Canine skin infection

Normally commensal

Question 15

Are Strep bacteria commensals?

Answer 15

Yes!

Question 16

What is different about the arrangement of Strep cocci?

Answer 16

Chains!

Question 17

What are the three types of Strep hemolysis?

Answer 17

1. Beta = complete
2. Alpha = partial
3. Gamma = NONE

Question 18

Are Lancefield groupings related to virulence?

Answer 18

No. Just random groups!

Question 19

What are M-proteins?

Answer 19

Strep proteins

Related to hemolysis

Question 20

What is Strep’s most important virulence factor?

Answer 20

Capsule!

Question 21

Is M-protein a virulence factor?

Answer 21

No!

Question 22

Where do Strep like to live?

Answer 22

Mucus membranes and intestines

Question 23

How does Strep spread through tissues?

Answer 23

Digest fibrin clots

Question 24

What does M-protein do?

Answer 24

Help Strep avoid phagocytosis

Question 25

Do Strep survive inside phagocytes like Staph?

Answer 25

No cannot survive inside

Question 26

What is Strep agalactiae?

Answer 26

Mastitis in cows
Detect B-hemolysis in bulk tanks
40% of mastitis infections

Question 27

What is Strep zooepidemicus?

Answer 27

Common cause of wound infections in horses

Can cause arthritis

Question 28

What is Strep equi?

Answer 28

Strangles in horses

Streptolysins kill phagocytes

Question 29

How is Strep equi diagnosed?

Answer 29

PCR detects M-protein

Need 3 neg tests in a row to be declared nagative

Question 30

Is there a vaccine for Strep Equi?

Answer 30

Yes, but NOT a DIVA vaccine

Question 31

What is Strep equisimilis?

Answer 31

Suppurative arthritis
Young pigs
Transmitted from gential tract of sow
ZOONOTIC!

Question 32

What is Strep suis?

Answer 32

Colonizes tonsils
1. Arthritis
2. Meningitis
3. Septicemia & sudden death 
ZOONOTIC

Question 33

What are the two types of Strep suis?

Answer 33

Type I
= baby pigs
= more invasive
=meningitis

Type II
= older pigs
= septicemia

Question 34

What is scary about resistance in Staph & Strep?

Answer 34

Vancomycin resistance

= last choice antibiotic

Question 35

What is a good antibiotic choice for non-resistant Strep or Staph?

Answer 35

Penicillin