E2 Genus Mycobacteria

Question 1

What is special about the staining of Mycobacteria?

Answer 1

Acid-fast
= unique outer membrane
= NOT capsule

Question 2

What is the Gram stain of Mycobacteria?

Answer 2

Gram (+)

Rods!

Question 3

What is unique about the growth of Mycobacteria?

Answer 3

VERY slow

Question 4

What special component do Mycobacteria have in their cell wall?

Answer 4

Mycolic acid

Question 5

How do Mycobacteria avoid death by phagocytosis

Answer 5

Blocks acidification of phagolysosome

Question 6

What kind of lesions are caused by Mycobacteria?

Answer 6

Granulomatous tubercles

Question 7

What is Mycobacteria bovis?

Answer 7

Bovine TB
ZOONOTIC
Affects many species

Question 8

How long before clinical signs appear of infection with Mycobacteria bovis?

Answer 8

1-5 years!

Question 9

What is the definitive diagnosis for Mycobacteria bovis?

Answer 9

Culture
but PCR is useful
after TB skin test

Question 10

What is a comparative DTH test?

Answer 10

Compare bovine reaction to both M. avium and M. bovis

If blebs are the same size = no infection

Question 11

What species is most likely to infect cattle with Mycobacteria bovis?

Answer 11

Deer

Question 12

Does pasteurization kill Mycobacteria bovis?

Answer 12

Unclear

Question 13

Can cattle infected with Mycobacteria bovis be treated?

Answer 13

NO!
It’s illegal!
Only depopulation

Question 14

What is Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP)?

Answer 14

Johne’s disease

Question 15

What is the prevalence of Johne’s or MAP in cattle?

Answer 15

8% in beef

22% in dairy herds

Question 16

Can Johne’s/MAP affect other species?

Answer 16

Yes
Goats = no hyperproliferation
Humans = Crohn’s disease??

Question 17

How long does it take for clinical signs to appear in animals with Johne’s/MAP?

Answer 17

1-3 years

Question 18

What are the clinical signs of Johne’s/MAP?

Answer 18

1. Emaciation but normal appetite
2. Bottle jaw
3. Lymph nodes
4. Rough dry coat

Question 19

What part of an infected animal is most infectious?

Answer 19

Feces!

Also milk, urine, semen

Question 20

Is there a vaccine for Johne’s/MAP?

Answer 20

No!

Question 21

What is the definitive test for Johne’s/MAP?

Answer 21

Fecal culture

BUT tests are NOT accurate until Stage III disease!

Question 22

Is Johne’s/MAP reportable?

Answer 22

Yes!

Question 23

Is there a vaccine for Johne’s/MAP?

Answer 23

No official vaccine

Can vaccinate with heat killed organisms

Question 24

What are good biosecurity practices for Johne’s/MAP?

Answer 24

Removes calves shortly after birth
Use housing that can be disinfected
Purchase new animals that are > 3 yrs

Question 25

What is Mycobacterium lepraemurium?

Answer 25

Leprosy-like disease in cats