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Bacteriology > E2 Family Spirochetaceae > Flashcards

E2 Family Spirochetaceae Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gram reaction of the family Spirochaetaceae?

A

Gram negative

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2
Q

What is special about the morphology of bacteria in the family Spirochaetaceae?

A

Long long helical rods

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3
Q

Where are bacteria in the family Spirochaetaceae commonly found?

A
  1. Environment
    = water, soil, vegetation
  2. Commensals of many animals
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4
Q

What is important about the metabolism of bacteria in the family Spirochaetaceae?

A

Anaerobic

but aerotolerant

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5
Q

What is the best diagnostic test for bacteria in the family Spirochaetaceae?

A

Serology

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6
Q

How are bacteria in the family Spirochaetaceae identified?

A
  1. Number of turns
  2. Overall length
  3. Type of motility
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7
Q

What animals is infected with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae? What is the name of the disease?

A

Pigs

Swine Dysentery “bloody scours”

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8
Q

What is the route of transmission of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

A

Fecal-oral

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9
Q

What tissue does Brachyspira hyodysenteriae colonize?

A

Colon

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10
Q

Why is Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection so pathogenic?

A

Bacteria release endotoxin & hemolysin

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11
Q

What age is most affected by infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

A

Older weaned piglets

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12
Q

What is the best diagnostic test for Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection?

A

PCR

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13
Q

What is unique about the pathogenesis of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection?

A

It requires other bacteria to cause disease!

no disease in pigs sole infected with B hyodysenteriae

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14
Q

What other animal may spread Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection?

A

Birds may spread the disease between farms

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15
Q

What disease is caused by Brachyspira pilosicoli?

A

Porcine colonic spirochetosis

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16
Q

How severe is the disease in pigs caused by Brachyspira pilosicoli?

A

Only some diarrhea

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17
Q

What is unique about the culturing of genus Leptospira?

A

Requires B vitamins

18
Q

What is special about the growth of Leptospira interrogans?

A

It has two phases

19
Q

What are the two growth phases of Leptospira interrogans?

A
  1. Leptospiremia (1 week)

2. Leptospuria (months)

20
Q

Where is the primary site of replication for Leptospira interrogans?

A

Liver

21
Q

Can infection with Leptospira interrogans affect pregnancy?

A

Yes

22
Q

How does Leptospira interrogans enter the body?

A

Through cuts in the skin

23
Q

What animals are affected by Leptospira interrogans infection?

A

All domestic species

24
Q

How does Leptospira interrogans evade host immunity?

A

Hides in immune privileged sites

kidneys, eye, brain

25
Q

Is there a vaccine for Leptospira interrogans?

A

Yes

but short term protection

26
Q

Are humans at risk for Leptospira interrogans infection?

A

Yes

but it is rare

27
Q

What is important about the Spirochaetaceae genus Borrelia?

A

Tick transmission

28
Q

What animals are infected by Borrelia anserina? What disease does it cause?

A

Chickens, turkeys, geese, etc

Fowl Spirochetosis

29
Q

What is the most important clinical sign of Borrelia anserina infection?

A

Swollen spleen

green-yellow diarrhea

30
Q

What is the best way to control Borrelia anserina infections?

A

Tick control

31
Q

What animals are affected by Borrelia burgdorferi? What is the disease called?

A

Humans, dogs, horses, mice & deer

Lyme disease!

32
Q

What is unique about Borrelia burgdorferi infection in cats?

A

Can be seropositive cats do not have clinical signs

33
Q

What animals are required in the life cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Ticks
Mice (harbor bacterium)
Deer

34
Q

What Borrelia burgdorferi ssp is responsible for Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato

35
Q

How long do ticks need to be attached to transmit Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria?

A

4 to 8 hrs

36
Q

Do all dogs that are seropositive show clinical signs?

A

No

only 10%

37
Q

How to nervous system clinical signs arise from Borrelia burgdorferi infection?

A

Flagellin Abs cross-react with host axon proteins

38
Q

What are classic clinical signs of Lyme disease in dogs?

A

Icterus

Lameness

39
Q

What is the best way to diagnose Borrelia burgdorferi infection?

A

PCR

40
Q

What is unique about the antibody response to Borrelia burgdorferi infection?

A

Ab response is slow to develop

41
Q

Is there a vaccine for Borrelia burgdorferi infection?

A

Yes in dogs

Only effective for 6-12 months

42
Q

What other bacteria is has been seen increasingly in infections with Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Anaplasmosis

Bacteriology (13 decks)

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