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Role and scope > Dysrhythmias > Flashcards

Dysrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

Pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

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2
Q

Atrial depolarization

A

SA node to AV node

Contraction of atrium

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3
Q

Ventricular depolarization

A

AV node to Bundle of His to Purkinje fibers

Contraction of ventricles

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4
Q

Calculate heart rate on EKG strip

A

Between R to R waves in 6 seconds (FULL cycle) and multiply by 10

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5
Q

Small box

A

0.04 seconds

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6
Q

Big box

A

0.20 seconds

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7
Q

PR interval

A

0.12-0.20 seconds

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8
Q

QRS interval

A

<0.12 seconds

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9
Q

QT interval

A

0.34-0.43 seconds

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10
Q

Straight line on EKG

A

isoelectric line

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11
Q

What does the isoelectric line mean?

A

NO electrical conduction

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12
Q

Above isoelectric line

A

Positive deflection

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13
Q

Below isoelectric line

A

Negative deflection

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14
Q

What does the PR interval represent?

A

Atrial depolarization

SA node to AV node

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15
Q

What does QRS interval respresent?

A

Ventricle depolarization

AV node to Bundle of His to Pukinje fibers

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16
Q

What does T wave represent?

A

Ventricular repolarization

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17
Q

Normal sinus rhythm

A

60-100 bpm

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18
Q

Sinus Bradycardia

A

<60 bpm

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19
Q

Bradycardia is normal in people who are….

A

aerobically trained athletes and sleeping

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20
Q

Bradycardia =

A

decreased cardiac output

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21
Q

S/S bradycardia

A
  • hypotension
  • pale, cool skin
  • weakness
  • angina
  • dizziness
  • confusion
  • SOB
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22
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

101-200 bpm

23
Q

If unable to measure something, document as…

A

non discernible or unable to assess (UTA)

24
Q

Treatment for bradycardia

A

Atropine

25
Q

Normal causes of tachycardia

A
  • exercise
  • pain
  • hypovolemia
  • fever
26
Q

Bad causes of tachycardia

A
  • MI

- Heart failure

27
Q

sawtooth-shaped waves on EKG

A

atrial flutter

28
Q

Single ectopic focus =

A

irritable

29
Q

What is used to stop or rest irritable behavior in atrial flutter?

A

synchronized cardioversion

30
Q

What does a single ectopic focus represent?

A

Atrial flutter

31
Q

True or False:

EKG will show P wave during atrial flutter

A

FALSE

EKG will NOT show P wave during atrial flutter

32
Q

Treatments for atrial flutter

A
  • synchronized cardioversion
  • calcium channel blockers or beta blockers
  • antidysrhythmias (amiodarone)
  • coumadin
33
Q

What effect does calcium channel blockers or beta blockers have on the heart?

A

decrease heart rate

34
Q

What is the most common dysrhythmia?

A

Atrial fibrilation

35
Q

True or False

Atrial fibrilation has just 2 ectopic focus spots

A

False.

Atrial fibrilation has mutiple ecoptic focus spots.

36
Q

What does atrial fibrilation look like on an EKG?

A

bunch of squiggly lines

37
Q

If pt has been in a fib for >48 hours, warfarin is recommended for ___ _____ before cardioversion and for ___ _____ after successful cardioversion.

A

3-4 weeks

4-6 weeks

38
Q

Treatment for atrial fibrilation

A
  • synchronized cardioversion (depending on when a fib started)
  • Dig, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers
  • Coumadin
39
Q

What is a premature ventricular contraction (PVC)?

A
  • contraction in ectopic focus of ventricle

- early and wide QRS complex

40
Q

What should you do FIRST with a PVC?

A

Check vital signs

41
Q

Multifocal PVC

A

different spots

42
Q

Unifocal PVC

A

one spot

43
Q

Ventricular bigeminy

A

every other

44
Q

Ventricular trigeminy

A

every 2

45
Q

Couplet

A

2 in a row

46
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

3 or more in a row

47
Q

Low potassium (K) =

A

irritability to heart, especially ventricles

48
Q

R on T

A

the heart isn’t fully relaxing during T wave on EKG strip.

49
Q

What can R on T lead to?

A

lethal dysrhythmias

50
Q

Treatment for PVCs

A

(based on cause)

  • O2
  • electrolyte replacement
  • beta blockers, antidysrhythmias, lidocaine
51
Q

Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia

A

1 focal point, same shape

52
Q

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

A

Different shape

53
Q

2 types of ventricular tachycardia

A

stable-with pulse

unstable-no pulse

Role and scope (58 decks)

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