Drug Interactions Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Drug Interactions Deck (26)
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1
Q

Three problems the pharmacy industry is facing

A
  1. Aging population
  2. Polypharmacy
  3. Lifestyle (e.g. usage over the counter drugs has increased)
2
Q

What are the five risk factors faced by patients today

A
  1. Polypharmacy
  2. Old Age
  3. Genetics
  4. Hepatic Disease
  5. Renal Disease
3
Q

What are three issues to consider with drugs

A
  1. A narrow therapeutic drug
  2. Steep dose
  3. Saturable metabolism
4
Q

What five characteristics do we look for when considering the way a drug is absorbed

A
  1. Motility
  2. Acidity
  3. Solubility
  4. Complex formation
  5. Direct action on enterocytes
5
Q

What main characteristic do we look for when considering how a drug is distributed

A

Protein binding

6
Q

Three mechanisms of drug metabolism

A
  1. Action of CYP450
  2. Inhibition
  3. Induction
7
Q

Name two types of CYP450 enzymes

A

CYP1A2

CYP3A4

8
Q

Three most important classes of CYP

A

1,2,3

9
Q

Consequence of drug A blocking metabolism of drug B (inhibition drugs)

A

More drug B stays in the plasma (increased effects)

10
Q

Effect of induction drugs

A

Drug C induces CYP450 isoenzyme, leading to increased metabolism of drug D -> decreased therapeutic effects

11
Q

What CYP is effected by grapefruit juice

A

CYP3A4

12
Q

How does grapefruit juice affect CYP3A4

A

Increases bioavailability

13
Q

What drug has major interaction with Antiarrythmic agents

A

Amiodarone

14
Q

What drug has major interactions with antihistamines

A

Diphenhydramine

Terfenadine

15
Q

Minor interactions of drugs with Ca Channel antagonists

A

Nimodipine
Nicardipine
Felopdipine
Nifedipine

16
Q

Major drug interaction with Statins

A

Simvastatin

17
Q

Minor drug interaction with Statins

A

Atorvastatin

18
Q

Minor interaction drugs with immunosuppressants

A

Cyclosporin

Tacrolimus

19
Q

Two ways drugs are excreted

A

Renale

Biliary

20
Q

What factor effect renal excretion of drugs

A

pH

21
Q

When are weak bases cleared faster

A

If urine is acidic

22
Q

When are weak acids cleared fastest

A

Urine is alkaline

23
Q

Name three weak acid drugs

A

Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Warfarin

24
Q

Name there weak bases

A

Amphetamine
Atropine
Diazepam
Salbutamol

25
Q

Three characteristics of pharmacodynamics

A

Receptor based
Signal transduction (beta adrenergic receptors)
Physiological systems

26
Q

How do we avoid drug interactions

A
  1. Rational prescription
  2. BNF
  3. Ward pharmacist
  4. Internet
  5. Medicines information service

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