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Flashcards in drainage Deck (31)
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1
Q

what is stormwater drainage

A

Systems that are put in place to help prevent floods by diverting rainwater into nearby waterways that flow into underground pipes which flows to streams,ponds or reservoirs

2
Q

what are Foundation drains (1.)

A

Foundation drains are pipes that are installed under your foundation or basement floor to collect water and move it off-site to prevent your basement from filling with water.

3
Q

Gutter(2.)

A

a shallow fixed beneath the edge of a roof for carrying off rainwater.

4
Q

Downpipe (3.)

A

downpipe is a pipe that is used to direct rainwater away from a building, typically from roof guttering to a drainage system. It is sometimes also referred to as a downspout, drain spout, roof drain pipe or leader

5
Q

Catchpit (4.)

A

A Catchpit is essentially an empty chamber with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe set at a level above the floor of the pit. Any sediment carried by the system settles out whilst in the Catch-Pit, from where it can be periodically pumped out or removed.

6
Q

why install a French drain (5.)

A

French drains are primarily used to prevent ground and surface water from seeping into building foundations, however, are many reasons why people will install a French drain to redirect surface and ground water. These drains are often used to remove excess water from low areas, or extremely wet areas of the property.

7
Q

channel /trench drain (6.)

A

A trench drain (also channel drain, line drain, slot drain, linear drain or strip drain) is a specific type of floor drain containing a dominant trough- or channel-shaped body. It is used for the rapid evacuation of surface water or for the containment of utility lines

8
Q

Drywell (7.)

A

a shaft or chamber constructed in the ground in order to aid drainage, sometimes containing pumping equipment.
a.k.a. dry hole.

9
Q

storm sewer (8.)

A

a sewer built to carry away excess water in times of heavy rain; a storm drain.Storm drain inlets are typically found in curbs and low-lying outdoor areas.

10
Q

what does a Sump pump(9.) do

A

he sump pump’s job is to pump the water out of the pit and away from the building so the basement or crawlspace stays dry.

11
Q

What is grey water

A

the relatively clean waste water from baths, sinks, washing machines, and other kitchen appliances.

12
Q

A grey water system usually consist of

  1. ________
  2. _______
  3. _______
  4. _______
  5. _______
A
  1. Plumbing system- made out of pipes and valves to capture the grey water
  2. surge tank - to temporarily hold large drain flows (WM/ Bath)
  3. filter- to remove particles which could clog the irrigation system
  4. pump - to move water from the surge tank to the irrigation system
  5. irrigation system - to distribute water to plants
13
Q

rainwater harvesting

A

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rain, usually collected from roofs (via gutters)

14
Q

rainwater harvesting vs stormwater harvesting

A

rainwater harvesting is collected from roofs or elevated surfaces where as stormwater harvesting is collected from creeks, drains, roads or any other land surfaces

15
Q

name the 8 steps of the complete system for rainwater

A
Catchment surface
I
First Flush
I
Inlet filtration
I
Calming Inlet
I
Storage
I
Distribution
I
Filtration
I
Use
16
Q

pros and cons to above-ground storage of rainwater (at least 3)

A

pros

  • easy inspection (crack and leaks)
  • gravity feed
  • raised to increase water pressure

cons

  • space
  • easily damaged
  • failure can be dangerous
  • prone to attack from weater
17
Q

pros and cons to underground storage of rainwater (at least 2p 3c)

A

pros

  • ground support= thinner walls= cost less
  • un-obstructive

cons

  • hard to detect leaks
  • requires pump
  • possible contamination (groundwater)
  • roots or rising groundwater = damage
  • not easy to drain or clean
18
Q

Grey and black water: differences and similarities

A

Greywater
– Refers to all waste water with the exception of soil water – aka ‘Blackwater

2. Blackwater / Soil water
– Water drained from toilet
– Greywater & Blackwater should never be drained from the same pipe/drainage system

• Both greywater & blackwater are connected to the sewer system, usually via PVC
pipes.
• Sizes usually between 30mm and 50mm ⌀ (except for toilet)
• The sewerage water runs to a sewerage plant where the soiled water is treated and
released back into our natural resources.
• All drainage pipes are installed at an angle for better water flow
• Gravity carries waste water to sewerage sytem

19
Q

Sanitary Fixtures

A

– Refers to ‘permanent’ sanitary ware
– Toilets, hand-wash basins, baths & showers
– Some can be supplied with recycled greywater e.g. toilets for flushing

20
Q

Sanitary Appliances

A

– Refers to temporary sanitary ware
– Kitchen sinks, dishwashers & washing machines
– Supplied with clean water

21
Q

Water closets / Toilets

A
  • Manufactured as ‘Wash down’ pans or ‘Siphonic’ pans
  • Both have a visible water seal – the water you see in the bowl
  • Water seal is either a ‘P’ or ‘S’ trap
  • Minimum of 100mm ⌀
  • Drainage pipe is bigger because of the amount of water required to flush a toilet
22
Q

Wash Down Pans

A

• Displaces the waste water with fresh water from
the cistern
• Most reliable
• Noisiest

23
Q

Siphonic Pans

A

• As water exits through the trapway, it displaces
the air inside to form a vacuum.
• Waste is essentially sucked out
• Clogs more easily

24
Q

The Trap

A

P-Trap S-Trap Bottle-Trap

– Both sanitary fixtures & sanitary appliance are connected to the drainage system via
protective water seal known as a Trap

– The trap prevents any possibility of health hazards & unpleasant odours from entering
the building

– Water is trapped in the P, S or Bottle shape and is replaced with fresh water each time the
fitting is used

– Traps and drain

– Most common types:
• P-Trap > towards wall outlet
• S-Trap > towards floor outlet
• Bottle-Trap > towards wall outlet

25
Q

DRAIN RUNS

A

• Below ground waste pipes
• Shortest route from the highest point
– where waste water needs to be collected public sewer
connection / septic tank / conservatory tank
• As straight as possible with a continuous fall
• Collects branch drains along the way

26
Q

DRAIN FALLS

A

• Waste pipes uses gravity to transport water to the main sewerage line
• Gradient between 1:5 and 1:60
• Shallow drains that only have 300mm of ground cover should be
protected by a concrete slab 100mm above
• Drains under houses should be avoided!

27
Q

POINTS OF ENTRY

A
  • Ground floor waste pipes

* Discharges into a soil pipe or trapped gully

28
Q

GULLY

A
  • AKA trapped gully
  • Connects directly to the drain pipe via 100mm ⌀ drain pipe
  • Prevents possible flooding of appliances by draining water
29
Q

RODDING EYES (CLEANING EYES)

A

• Provides access for inspection of a drain pipe run should it
get blocked
• Vertical sloping pipe that extends up to ground level
• Has an air-tight cap, concrete surround and cast-iron lid @
ground level
• Located at the highest point of a drain pipe

30
Q

INSPECTION EYES

A

• Found upstream from connection of drain to a connecting
sewer
• Necessary at every drain junction

31
Q

SEPTIC TANK

A

• Built below ground
• Comprised of two chambers divided by a wall
• Built below ground
• Separates solids and liquids
– Top layer = Scum
– Bottom layer = Sludge
• The Middle Layer = semi clear liquid which is then
drained into an absorption field – i.e. the ground