laryngeal exam using CONTINUOUS light source
endoscopy
7 illusions of mirror laryngoscopy
1) mirror image
2) anterior com not seen
3) depth handicap
4) shadow on true VF
5)
6)
7)
Disadvantage of Flexible Laryngoscope
- Moire of Honeycomb effect
- risk of epistaxis, vasovagal response
what do you illicit on sniffing during laryngoscopy?
maximum abduction of VF
nerve supply of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (GENERAL)?
Vagus nerve
laryngoscopy finding in muscle tension dysphonia
adduction of false VF from pharyngeal squeeze
What is TALBOT Law?
our retina can only catch 5 distinct images per second
Method to best examine vocal fold mucosal lesions
stroboscopy
What can you see in stroboscopy?
___ relationship of body and cover
VF characteristic measures in laryngoscopy
1 1 2 3 4 5 6`
absorption
Narrow Band Imaging
Transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE/TNO) difference from conventional esophagoscopy
- 3-5mm diameter (smaller than convetional esophagoscope 10-12mm)
- office based setting: safer, cost-effective
Fundamental Components of Speech
Phonation
Resonance
Articulation
Generation of sound by VF
Phonation
Induction of vibration in the rest of the vocal tract (amplification, prolongation and filtering of sound)
Resonance
Shaping of voice into words
Articulation
Structures involved in Phonation
Vocal folds
Lungs
General Considerations in Management
Voice rest
Voice therapy
Vocal Hygiene
General Considerations in Management
Voice rest Voice therapy Vocal Hygiene Pharmocologic Therapy Surgical Interventions
most common infectious etiology of acute laryngitis?
MOTSTLY VIRAL
Moxella Cat, Hi and strep pneumo
Non-infectious cause of acute laryngitis
acute vocal strain: screaming or protracted coughing
Tx of acute laryngitis
hydration, humidification, ____
cut-off of chronic laryngitis
3 weeks
causes of chronic
fumes, tobacco smoking, postnasal drip
appearance of TB laryngitis
moth-eaten
Benign change in
keratosis/leukoplakia and polypoid corditis/reinke’s edema
AIDs defining fungal disease
esophageal fungal disease
mechanism of symptoms in LPR
1) direct acid/bile mucosal damage
2) poor mucociliary clearance
Who created the Refux Symtpom Index?
Belafsky
Who created the Refux Symtpom Index?
Belafsky
Laryngitis affecting the posterior laryngeal structures? and what are the findings?
LPR
Findings 1 2 3 4
Surgical intervention for LPR
Nissen fundoplication
Surgical intervention for LPR
Nissen fundoplication
location of vocal fold nodule
anterior 2/3, bilateral
attachment of vocal fold cyst
vocal ligament
types of vocal fold cyst
epidermal cyst
mucus retention cyst
location of vocal fold polyp
anterior 1/3, unilateral
location of vocal fold polyp
anterior 1/3, unilateral
location of vocal fold granuloma
posterior 1/3
types of papillomatosis
juvenile -
adult - carpet
Structures involved in Resonance
Chest
Pharynx
Nose & Nasopharynx
Larynx
Structures involved in Articulation
Lips
Tongue
Palate
Pharynx