DM Flashcards
What is the action of insulin?
Increase glucose transport into the cells.
Promotes conversion of glucose to glycogen.
The action of oral hypoglycemic agents?
Stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin.
Increase the sensitivity of peripheral receptors to insulin.
Decrease hepatic glucose output.
Delay intestinal absorption of glucose.
When mixing insulins, which do you draw up first?
Draw up the shortest-acting insulin first.
Describe Mild Hypoglycemia?
Patient fully awake and displays adrenergic symptoms. Blood glucose level usually lower than 60 mg/dL
Describe Moderate Hypoglycemia?
Worsening hypoglycemia (Confusion, impaired coordination, slurred speech) Blood glucose levels usually below 40 mg/dL.
Describe Severe Hypoglycemia?
Patient displays severe neuroglycopenic symptoms and Blood glucose is usually below 20 mg/dL.
Dawn Phenomenon? treatment?
Reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin between 5-8am. (Hyperglycemia) Treatment includes administering intermediate acting insulin at 10pm.
Somogyi Phenomenon? Treatment?
Elevated blood sugar levels at bedtime and hypoglycemia develops around 2-3am. at 7am blood sugar rebounds and causes hyperglycemia.
Treatment- decrease evening dose of intermediate insulin or increasing bedtime snack.
Clinical manifestations of Ketoacidosis include?
Hyperglycemia, dehydration, ketosis, and acidosis
What do sulfonylureas stimulate?
Stimulates beta-cells to produce more insulin.
How would you mix and draw up two different insulins?
Draw up the shortest acting insulin first.
1. Clear (Regular Insulin) 2. Cloudy (NPH insulin)
Short acting insulins include?
Regular, lispro, aspart, glulisine, Humulin R
Insulin aspart protamine can only be mixed with what insulin?
NPH insulin only.
How do you store unopened vials of insulin?
under refrigeration until opened. They can be used until expiration.
