DLA 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain week one of fertilization?

A
  1. capacitation
  2. Acrosome reaction
  3. Fusion of the membranes between both sex cells
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2
Q

What happens during capacitation?

A

Removal of the seminal proteins from the surface and penetration through the corona radiata

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3
Q

What happens during acrosome reaction?

A

Release of acrosomal enzymes and penetration through the zona pellucida

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4
Q

What is the normal site of fertilization?

A

The ampula of the fallopian tube

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5
Q

How is the normal diploid number gained?

A

The fusion of the male and female pronuclei

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6
Q

What is the developing embryo called after the formation of 16-32 blastomeres?

A

Morula (day 3)

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7
Q

What are blastomeres defined as?

A

The production of identical daughter cells

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8
Q

Explain the formation of the blastocyst?

A

This occurs after the morula enters the uterus

A blastocystic cavity forms within the morula

The blastomeres separate into two separate parts:

  1. centrally located cells (embryo) located at the embryonic pole
  2. peripheral cells (trophoblast)
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9
Q

Where does the blastocyst normally implant itself?

A

Posterior wall of body of uterus close to the fundus

6 days

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10
Q

How does the blastocyst attach to the endometrium?

A

By the syncytiotrophoblast

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11
Q

When the blastocyst attaches to the endometrium.. what two layers does the trophoblast differentiate into?

A

an inner cytotrophoblast

an outer syncytiotrophoblast

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12
Q

What does the inner cytotrophoblast do?

A

Makes new cells and mitotically active

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13
Q

What does the syncytiotrophoblast?

A

invades and secretes

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14
Q

human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)

A

can be used to determine pregnancy early

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15
Q

What enables the burrowing of the blastocyst?

A

mass of cells or syncytium at the embryonic pole erode

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16
Q

Explain the embryonic disk?

A

a flat, circular bilaminar plate of cells

17
Q

What are the two layers of the embryonic disk?

A

The epiblast and the hypoblast

18
Q

Explain the epiblast?

A

the thicker layer, consisting of high columnar

cells. Eventually forms the three definitive germ layers

19
Q

Explain the hypoblast?

A

consisting of small cuboidal cells. Becomes part of the yolk sac

20
Q

What are the three germ layers?

A

endoderm, ectroderm, and mesoderm

21
Q

What does the endoderm develop into?

A

epithelial linings

22
Q

What does the ectoderm develop into?

A

Nervous tissue

23
Q

What are the three subtypes of mesoderm?

A
  1. lateral
  2. intermediate
  3. paraxial
24
Q

What does the mesoderm develop into?

A

Lateral - heart, spleen, adrenals

intermediate - urogenital organs

paraxial - bone, muscle, skin