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Test 1 FTM > DLA 10 > Flashcards

DLA 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of mRNA?

A

This RNA encodes the genetic information which will be used to translate into AA

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2
Q

What is the function of tRNA?

A

brings AA to the ribosome complex

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3
Q

What is the function of rRNA?

A

combines with ribosomal proteins to form the ribosome

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4
Q

What is the function of snRNA?

A

combines with certain proteins and is involved in RNA processing and gene regulation in eukaryotes

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5
Q

What is the function of miRNA?

A

involved in the inhibition of mRNA transcription

Ex: miRNA or siRNA

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6
Q

What is the basic transcription process?

A
  1. RNA polymerase will recognize a particular sequence of DNA called the promoter region
  2. RNA polymerase has helicase activity that will generate a transcription bubble
  3. RNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of an RNA molecule in the 5’ to 3’ direction along the 3’ to 5’ template strand of the DNA
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7
Q

RNA polymerase in prokaryotes?

A

In bacteria, there is only one single RNA poly.

it is composed of the core polymerase plus sigma factor

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8
Q

What is the role of the sigma factor in a prokaryote RNA poly?

A

enables the recognition of promoters

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9
Q

What are the three polymerases in eukaryotes?

A
  1. RNA poly I
  2. RNA poly II
  3. RNA poly III
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10
Q

What are the functions of the three eukaryotic RNA polys?

A

RNA poly I - 5.8S, 18S, 28S rRNA genes

RNA poly II - all mRNAs and some snRNA and miRNA

RNA poly III - tRNA genes and some snRNA

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11
Q

3 regions of the prokaryotic gene?

A
  1. promoter
  2. RNA coding sequence
  3. terminator
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12
Q

What does + 1 mean?

A

That is where transcription starts

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13
Q

Where is the prokaryotic promoter region found in respect to the coding region?

A

-35 and -10 from the start of the coding strand

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14
Q

What is important about -10 in prokaryotes?

A

It is where the TATA box is located (pribnow box)

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15
Q

What are the trans elements of eukaryotic transcription?

transcription factors

A
  1. TBP
  2. TFIIA- Facilitates the binding of TBP to the TATA box
  3. TFIIB- recognizes the initiation site BRE element
  4. TFIID- Will recognize the TATA box sequence
  5. TFIIH- contains DNA helicase and activates RNA poly
  6. TFIIE- will associate with the growing assembly of factors and attracts TFIIH
  7. TFIIF- stabilizes RNA poly (attracts TFIIH)
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16
Q

main components of DNA synthesis?

A
  1. DNA polymerase
  2. dNTP precursor
  3. primer required
  4. A and T
17
Q

Main components of RNA synthesis?

A
  1. RNA polymerase
  2. NTP precursor
  3. no primer needed
  4. A and U
18
Q

What are the two types of termination in prokaryotes?

A
  1. Intrinsic termination

2. extrinsic termination

19
Q

How is intrinsic termination done?

A

The palindromic region of the DNA (terminator sequence) a stem loop structure will form. The stem loop structure destabilizes transcription and the transcription proteins will dissociate.

20
Q

How is extrinsic termination done?

A
  1. Rho protein attaches to the recognition site on the RNA
  2. Rho moves along the RNA following RNA poly
  3. RNA poly pauses at the terminator and Rho catches up
  4. Rho unwinds the DNA/RNA hybrid ans separates the RNA from the RNA poly
  5. RNA poly, Rho, and RNA are released
21
Q

What kind of protein is Rho?

A

RNA/DNA helicase

22
Q

How does termination occur in Eukaryotes?

A

Termination of the mRNA sequence is directly linked directly with the process of poly-adenylation (poly A tail)

The 3 prime end of the mRNA is cleaved by cleaving factors. This separates the RNA from the RNA/DNA hybrid. this leads to termination

poly A tail is added to the 3 prime end

23
Q

Explain rifampin/ rifampicin?

A

an antibiotic from streptomyces

inhibits the start of transcription

blocks formation of first phosphodiester bond by binding to RNA poly

Eukaryote poly not impacted

used to treat tuberculosis

24
Q

alpha- amanitin?

A

found in the death cap mushroom and is an inhibitor of RNA poly II (transcribes mRNAs)

25
Q

Explain Actinomycin D?

A

binds tightly to double stranded DNA
inhibits both transcription and replication in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes

normally used as an anti-cancer drug not an antibiotic

26
Q

What do courmarins and quinolones do?

A

They inhibit bacterial gyrase, thus supercoiling cannot be corrected.

antibiotic that is effective

Test 1 FTM (35 decks)

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