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Flashcards in Diuretics Deck (23)
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1
Q

In heart failure, the _______ are unable to move _____ from the ______ circulation. This leads to “___________ _______”
The ______ circulation becomes overloaded and its capillary beds become engorged with blood.
_____ oozes out from the capillaries into the _______ spaces.
If the rate of oozing exceeds the rate ________ drainage _____ _______ occurs and then the animals if in ________ Heart Failure

A
VENTRICLES
BLOOD
ARTERIAL
BACKWARDS FAILURE
VENOUS
SERUM
INTESTINAL
LYMPHATIC  
TISSUE OEDEMA
CONGESTIVE
2
Q

DIURESIS definition

A

Increased formation of urine by the kidneys.
Normally due to increased fluid intake
Can be stimulated by the use of a diurectic

3
Q

DIURETIC definition

A

A Drug or agents that increases the rate of urine formation and therefore increase the water lost from the body.

4
Q

DIURETIC uses

A
  • Remove unwanted fluid from the body
  • pulmonary oedema
  • cerebral oedema
  • Increase the removal of drugs or toxins normally excreted by the kidneys from the body
  • Reduce blood volume, therefore reducing arterial blood pressure and decreasing the workload on a failing heart.
5
Q

Caution needed in what cases

A
Cases that are hypovolaemic (low Blood volume) 
and hypotensive (low BP)

Diuretics decrease blood volume so lower blood pressure even further in these cases

6
Q

Loop Diuretics - Site of action

A

Loop of Henle

7
Q

Loop Diuretics

Loop Diuretics inhibit ______ reabsorption from _____ of _____. The ______ of Na+ in the ______ within the Loop of Henle ______ water in the ______, prevents _______ back into the body and results in ____ ____ as urine.

A
Na+
Loop of Henle
Retention 
Filtrate
Retains
Urine
Reaborption
Water Loss
8
Q

The retained _____ is exchanged for ____ in the distal _______ ______ so not all Na+ is lost from the body.
K+ is lost instead, prolonged use of Loop Diuretics can result in _________.

A

Na+
K+
Convoluted Tubule
Hypokalaemia

9
Q

Loop Diuretics - Side effects

A

Ototoxicity - can cause deafness

10
Q

Loop Diuretics - examples

A

Furosemide - lasix

11
Q

Thiazide Diuretics - examples

A

Chlorothiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide

12
Q

Thiazide Diuretics - site of action

A

First part of distal convoluted tubule

13
Q

Thiazide Diuretics

_______ resorption of _____ and _____ out of the ______ convoluted tubule.

Na+ within the filtrate is exchanged for ____ further along the distal convoluted tubule.

Because a large amount of sodium is resorbed in the _____ of _____, the sodium within the filtrate is already ______ considerably by the time it reaches the _____ convoluted tubule. This creates a lower _____ _____ than loop diuretics.

Results in _____ diuresis, used in _____ stages of heart failure

A

Decrease
Na+
Cl-
Distal

K+

Loop of Henle
Reduced
Distal
Osmotic Draw

Moderate
Early

14
Q

Thiazide Diuretics - side effects

A

Potential for hypokalaemia if used with loop diuretics

15
Q

Potassium - sparing diuretics - examples

A

Spironolactone

16
Q

Potassium - sparing diuretics

Reduces Na+ reabsorption at the ______ convoluted tubules and ______ _____ of the nephrons by blocking the action of __________.

Potassium sparing because the Na+ is excreted instead.

A

Distal
Collecting ducts
Aldosterone

17
Q

Potassium - sparing diuretics - uses

A

Used to treat animals with excessive fluid retention when unresponsive to furosemide or thiazide.

Used when trying to avoid K+ loss

18
Q

Potassium - sparing diuretics - side effects

A

Can interfere with the synthasis od testosterone, which can lead to endocrine adnormalities.

Hyperkalaemia and hyponatraemia can develop

19
Q

Osmotic Diuretics - examples

A

Mannitol

20
Q

Osmotic Diuretics - functions

A

Has no influence on Na+ or K+ resorption.

Intravenous fluid solution

21
Q

Osmotic diuretics - function

A

Carbohydrate that retains water in renal tubules by its physical presence.

Used to reduce cerebral oedema associated with head trauma

Reduce intraoccular pressure in glaucoma

Flushing out toxins - poisoning or intoxication

22
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - examples

A
Actazolamide 
Brinzolamide drops (azopt)
Dorzolamide drops (truspot)
23
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - function

A

Weak diuretic sometimes used to decreased production of aqueous humour in the eye.
Reduces intraocular pressure in cases of glaucoma.