Disorders of the Ovary Flashcards Preview

Reproductive > Disorders of the Ovary > Flashcards

Flashcards in Disorders of the Ovary Deck (21)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

what are common types of cysts from the cortex?

A

simple cysts

corpus luteum

endometrioma

2
Q

what is a type of cysts that arises from the germ cells of the ovary?

A

teratomas (dermoid)

3
Q

what is a functional cyst?

A

a cyst that arises from normal ovarian function and it resolves spontaneously

4
Q

what is another name for an endometrioma?

A

chocolate cysts

5
Q

which complex cyst type has an elevated tumor marker - CA-125?

A

endometrioma

6
Q

which complex cyst is rare?

A

theca lutein cyst

7
Q

what’s the problem with surgical excision of an ovarian cyst?

A

it cuts into the cortex, where the follicles come from

8
Q

what are the characteristics of theca lutein cysts?

A

bilateral

large, multinodular (10-15 cm)

seen in the presence of HCG - resolves with removal of HCG

9
Q

what signs and symptoms can a theca lutein cyst cause?

A

hyperemesis gravidarum

preeclampsia

thyroid dysfunction

maternal virilization

10
Q

what are 70% of neoplasms in the ovary in women 10-30 years old?

A

mature cystic teratoma (aka dermoid cyst)

11
Q

what are the major ways to manage benign cysts?

A

symptomatic (NSAIDs, heat)

hormonal (OCPs - prevents new cysts from forming; lupron causes endometriomas to shrink)

surgical (cyst aspiration, laproscopy)

12
Q

ovarian cancer is the ___ most common gyn malignancy and the ____ cause of death

A

2nd, leading

13
Q

what are the increased risks for ovarian cancer?

A

family hx

genetic syndrome (Lynch, BRCA1, BRCA2)

delayed childbearing, nulliparous

early menarche

late menopause

endometriosis

obesity

E2 replacement therapy >5 years

14
Q

what is a common cause of ovarian torsion?

A

very large cysts

15
Q

what is Stein-Leventhal syndrome?

A

PCOS

16
Q

what percentage of women are affected by PCOS?

A

6.5-8%

17
Q

what are the signs/symptoms of PCOS?

A

12+ peripheral follicles on imaging

oligomenorrhea (<9 months/year)

amenorrhea (no period > 3months

obesity

hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern hair loss, increased testosterone)

infertility

insulin resistance (acanthosis nigricans)

18
Q

do women with PCOS really have cysts?

A

No, they are not usually ovulating, so they are antral follicles

19
Q

what are the Rotterdam criteria (at least 2 required for diagnosis)

A

oligomenorrhea and anovulation

clincial and or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism

polycystic ovaries - string of pearls

20
Q

what’s on the ddx for PCOS?

A

hyperprolactinemia

Cushing

Thyroid disease

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

androgren producing tumors

functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (Joan of Arc)

21
Q
A